Indra Noori Essay --

Indra Noori is an extraordinary deals driven and business mined lady who has climbed the positions in the board inside PepsiCo. Preceding attempting to PepsiCo, Noori has a top official administration experience working for Motorola from 1986 to 2000 and Asea Brown Boveri in 1994 (Pepsico, 2014). In addition, through her initiative, she has helped organizations create more than 10 billion dollars in deals which has opened the entryways for her to work in top official administration positions (Pepsico, 2014). In India, Noori started her profession as a Product Manager holding positions in Johnson and Johnson and at Mettur Berdsell (Pepsico, 2014). Indra Noori is a case of an incredible pioneer of which through her authority, she has effectively help organizations she recently worked for create a huge number of dollars in income and help with rebuilding firms. Indra has an uncommon business instructive foundation of which she has earned her Bachelors of Science, MBA, and Masters of Pub lic Administration degrees (Pepsico, 2014). Indra Noori has been profoundly notable from numerous organizations everywhere throughout the world. In an article named â€Å"Leadership Lessons from PepsiCo CEO, Indra Noori, she expressed 5 significant administration procedures. The five significant initiative systems that have propelled Indra Noori to turn into an extraordinary pioneer are 1. Offset the present moment with long haul, 2. Build up a profound comprehension of open/private associations, 3. Think worldwide, act worldwide, 4. Keep a receptive outlook to adjust to changes, and 5. Lead with your head and your heart (Snyder, 2013). These 5 ideas have helped Indra become an extraordinary effective pioneer and she has imparted this mantra to numerous pioneers talking at different administration meetings (Snyder, 2013). Adjusting the short t... ... Works Cited Pepsico. (2014). Recovered January 11, 2014, from Our authority: http://www.pepsico.com/Company/Leadership Burnison , G. (2011, April 29). Fastcompany.com. Recovered January 11, 2014, from Leadership: How pepsi's Indra Nooyi figured out how to be a CEO : http://www.fastcompany.com/1750645/how-pepsis-indra-nooyi-learned-be-chief Collins, J. (2001). Great to extraordinary . New York : Harper Business. Gaille, B. (2013, October 20). BrandonGaille.com. Recovered January 11, 2014, from Pepsico CEO Indra Nooyi’s Leadership Style and Management Traits: http://brandongaille.com/pepsico-president indra-nooyis-administration style-and-the board attributes/ Snyder, S. (2013, May 7). Snyder administration bunch . Recovered January 11, 2014, from Leadership Lessons from PepsiCo CEO, Indra Nooyi: http://www.snyderleadership.com/2013/05/07/initiative exercises from-pepsico-president indra-nooyi/

International Finance and Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Global Finance and Internet - Essay Example Nations responded by confining developments of capital and setting up fixed trade rates. Beginning from 1973, mechanical nations started to diminish limitations on capital and trade rates were driven by powers of rivalry between business sectors. Present day hypothesis of exchange supports exchange advancement towards worldwide government assistance. Exchange advancement would empower nations to have some expertise in creating items they have near favorable position at delivering at more amounts and less expenses. In the long run the world would appreciate more items at lower costs. The combination of developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) with exchange advancement has lead to the rise of International E-Commerce (IEC). IEC is a subset of web based business and it is characterized as an on-line pledge to sell an item that bring about the import or fare of products or administrations cross-outskirts. IEC still records for a little bit of by and large universal exchange (USGAO 2002). Interest in ICT produced new monetary instruments prompting innovation of new methods for directing business around the world. The Golden time of European financial development (the period somewhere in the range of 1950 and 1973) was supplanted by the United States profitability development that beat European efficiency development. ... During the 1990s there was awesome advancement in ICT creation, which supported increasingly capital interest in ICT causing ICT gear to turn out to be a lot less expensive. ICT creation increased comparative with GDP in the United States. EU has falled behind the United States in ICT venture and in the commitment made by ICT to work profitability development. For most EU nations aside from Ireland, ICT creation represents littler extent of GDP than in the United States (Crafts 2003). Frail interest in ICT in Europe is identified with guideline. Business insurance enactment, which raises terminating costs, is an obstruction to the rearrangement of the work power and work rehearses which are vital to getting the result from ICT. In spite of the fact that Europe has moved toward deregulation and a few nations have a solid favorable position over the United States in human capital, the proceeded with quality of work security stays as a delay ICT capital speculation. ICT speculation is probably going to support development (Crafts 2003). 2.1 Economic Effect of Information and Communication Technologies It is accepted that imaginative ICT will make money related exchanges simpler, secure and at a lower cost. It is conceivable to bring down exchange costs since data costs make up an incredible part of the exchanges costs. Exchange costs are mostly activity cost. In the B2B fragment, the utilization of internet business advances, for example essentially electronic data trade among endeavors, advances creation, stock keeping and dissemination (Wenninger, 1999). Mechanizing exchanges may extraordinarily decrease the acquirement cost previously, during and after an exchange,

A Tale of 8 Instagrams

A Tale of 8 Instagrams Once upon a time, I developed an Instagramming problem and started to Instagram everything, including the view of the Prudential building in Boston from lying down on my bed in the dark with window shades up. The night retreated, and I woke up to sunshine and a gentle old man painting the Boston skyline outside my window. You should know that in Boston, the weather can change from pleasant to ominous in a matter of minutes. And thats when I go out terrorizing teddy bears like this little guy belonging to my dear friend Juhee. (Juhee, this is a shoutout.) REEEEEEEEMIX   So I actually spend days of my senior year passing out the latest issue of Rune MITs art and literature magazine (We have a Facebook page now!) eating mint chocolate chip vanilla ice cream topped with Oreo bits and hot and sour ramen and at some point, I go do important stuff like attending a graduate school fair, picking up swag, and coming back to campus to swarm tech info sessions with Dropbox and Yext, eating more food and picking up more swag. The End.   Moral of the story: I wish I were programming as diligently as I was Instagramming.

How to Organize a Dorm Room

Given how ridiculously tiny the room might be, knowing how to organize a dorm room can be a challenge. So just what can you do to make the most of what space you do have? Dont have anything in the room that serves only one function. Sure, that plug-in grilled cheese maker seems cool, but it takes up a lot of space and can only do one thing. Make sure that every item in your room serves more than one function. For example, pick a speaker system for your iPhone that charges it at the same time. Use a throw on your bed that you can also take to football games when it gets cold outside. Youre paying a lot for that little room -- make sure your stuff is earning its keep, too! Think about the actual number of things youll really need at any time. Do you really need 20 highlighters? Or will 5 do? Let your campus bookstore be the one to keep things in stock; you can always run down there and get more of any supply (or borrow some from your roommate or friends down the hall). Split things with your roommate. Do you really need two printers? Two mini-fridges? Two MLA manuals? Of course, if sharing makes things get sticky, avoid this rule ... but, most likely, you and your roommate can make things work out by sharing some of the most important stuff. And you can save some sacred space (and cash) in the meantime. Avoid empty space. You probably have a duffel bag or suitcase for your trips home (or elsewhere). When you store them in your closet, dont store them empty. Put out-of-season clothes, big jackets, blankets, and anything else that will fit inside of them. Is there room under your bed? Buy storage boxes and cram in as much as you can. Youll still have your stuff accessible -- but no longer in the way. Aim for keeping things organized as often as you can. You may hear echoes of your mother in this rule, but its true: in a space that is especially small, keeping things organized will make the space seem larger. If youre pulling an all-nighter, getting everything off your desk except the stuff you need will help as your ability to focus starts to fade. If you like to read and study on your bed, being able to do so without having to fig ht for space with your laundry will make it easier -- on both your body and your brain.

Heptarchy Seven Kingdoms in England

Strictly speaking, a heptarchy is a ruling body composed of seven individuals. However, in English history, the term Heptarchy referred to the seven kingdoms that existed in England from the seventh century to the ninth century. Some authors have muddied the issue by using the term to refer to England as far back as the fifth century, when Roman military forces officially withdrew from the British Isles (in 410), to the 11th century, when William the Conqueror and the Normans invaded (in 1066). But none of the kingdoms were really established until the sixth century at the earliest, and they were eventually united under one government in the early ninth century — only to break apart when the Vikings invaded not long after. To complicate matters further, there were sometimes more than seven kingdoms, and often fewer than seven. And, of course, the term wasnt used during the years the seven kingdoms flourished; its first usage was in the 16th century. (But then, neither the term medieval nor the word feudalism were used during the Middle Ages, either.) Still, the term Heptarchy persists as a convenient reference to England and its fluid political situation in the seventh, eighth and ninth centuries. The seven kingdoms were: East AngliaEssexKentMerciaNorthumbriaSussexWessex Ultimately, Wessex would gain the upper hand over the other six kingdoms. But such an outcome could not have been foreseen in the early years of the Heptarchy, when Mercia appeared to be the most expansive of the seven. East Anglia was under Mercian rule on two separate occasions in the eighth and early ninth centuries, and under Norse rule when the Vikings invaded in the late ninth century. Kent was also under Mercian control, off and on, through much of the late eighth and early ninth centuries. Mercia was subject to Northumbrian rule in the mid-seventh century, to Wessex in the early ninth, and to Norse control in the late ninth century. Northumbria was actually comprised of two other kingdoms — Bernicia and Deira — that were not joined until the 670s. Northumbria, too, was subject to Norse rule when the Vikings invaded — and the kingdom of Deira re-established itself for a while, only to fall under Norse control, as well. And while Sussex did exist, it is so obscure that the names of some of their kings remain unknown. Wessex fell under Mercian rule for a few years in the 640s, but it never truly submitted to any other force. It was King Egbert who helped to make it so indomitable, and for that he has been called the first king of all England. Later, Alfred the Great resisted the Vikings as no other leader could, and he consolidated the remnants of the other six kingdoms under Wessex rule. In 884, the kingdoms of Mercia and Bernicia were reduced to Lordships, and Alfreds consolidation was complete. The Heptarchy had become England. Examples: While the seven kingdoms of the Heptarchy struggled against one another, Charlemagne consolidated much of Europe under one rule.

Many scholars and practitioners admit that ABC has several pitfalls Free Essays

Activity-Based Costing ( ABC ) method is the most well-known direction accounting invention in the last 20 old ages. It is primary used to heighten the productiveness and efficiency in the concern procedure ; to assist make budgets and set monetary values ; to sort client costs and better client dealingss ; to do determinations on strategic issues ; and to turn to external dialogue issues. ABC has been frequently used together with other direction tools and methods depending on the overall aims of specific enterprises. We will write a custom essay sample on Many scholars and practitioners admit that ABC has several pitfalls or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper analyzes ABC undertaking executions in assorted industries, identifies issues related to such executions and offers a model for maximal benefits. LITERATURE REVIEW We have investigated recent literature in the countries of concern, direction, accounting, and finance, among others, reviewed over 20 articles related to ABC and identified 5 articles relevant to ABC executions. Based on the reappraisal of published literature from 1998 to 2009, we analyzed the usage of ABC. In a sum of 18 articles looking in accounting, finance, and public presentation direction diaries, we found that ABC was chiefly applied in the undermentioned five countries. Synthesis of ABC Developments Many bookmans and practicians admit that ABC has several booby traps. We can name the major unfavorable judgments as follows: †¢ A batch of practicians explain that ABC systems are expensive to implement, clip consuming and difficult to set. For case, Kaplan and Anderson ( 2007, p. 5 ) has described the ABC system of Hendee Enterprises, a Houston-based maker of sunshades. They explain that the ABC package took three yearss to cipher costs for the company ‘s 150 activities, 10,000 orders and 45,000 line points. †¢ A batch of failures have been compiled, particularly in the service industries. †¢ Finally, a batch of people think that the ABC method is excessively complex. As a effect, it sometimes fails to clear up the decision-making procedure and the scheme of the house. This is why since its early phases, several specific applications based on the ABC method have been suggested. Table 1 shows a synthesis of these applications. Their aims are: †¢ To diversify the costs objects ( merchandises, services, procedures, clients, markets, etc. ) †¢ To widen the analysis margin ( spacial and temporal broadening ) , and †¢ To find the relevant degree of inside informations to analyse the costs. These aim show a common aim, which is, to direct the computation of the costs towards the cardinal value factors of the house. In Table 1, we distinguish the three groups of techniques. †¢ The first one gathers those which enable spacial broadening of the costs margin. Some of them suggest to broaden the cost analysis to the clients ( customer-driven ABC ) , others to the rivals ( benchmarking-driven ABC ) , to the environment ( environmental-driven ABC ) , or to the providers and spouses ( interorganizational cost direction and open-book accounting ) . This list of solutions is non comprehensive. †¢ The 2nd one brings together those which allow analysis of future costs ( Activity-Based Budgeting ( ABB ) , Antos and Brimson, 1999 ) and a temporal broadening of the costs perimeter. These solutions consist of uniting the ABC method to the life rhythm bing or to the mark costing ( Horvath et al. , 1998 ) . We can besides associate the mark bing to a specific version of ABC called characteristic costing ( Cokins, 2002 ) . The characteristic costing ( Brimson, 1998 ) introduces another degree of analysis in the ABC method which is the merchandises characteristics. Several research workers have identified the links between the ABC and the mark bing methods. Lebas ( 1999, pp. 506-507 ) explains that ABC implies taking into history the value that the clients attribute to the merchandises. This is a rule of the mark bing method and this has a strong impact on the house ‘s cost rational construction. †¢ With the 3rd one, we put together techniques which propose to find the relevant degrees to analyse the costs, depending on the characteristics ( strategic and organisational ) of a house. In some instances, the procedures and scheme complexnesss are tremendous. The ABC method is deficient, so we need another attack to apportion the resources. The Resource Consumption Accounting ( RCA ) method ( Keys and van der Merwe, 2002 ) finish the ABC with a deeper analysis of resources. In other state of affairss, the complexness of the procedure is low and the ABC method is excessively elaborate. So, we can convey together several activities to put up a ‘meta-activity ‘ or a procedure with a individual cost driver. This is the premise of the procedure costing ( Horngren et al. , 2005 ) and the tip accounting methods. We besides analyze the time-driven ABC ( Kaplan and Anderson, 2007 ) which is an ‘equivalence method ‘ . It is the most recent ABC development. It is clearly a simplification of the ABC. With this technique, the activity film editing can be more simple ( like with procedure costing and thin accounting ) . But it can besides be more refined ( like RCA ) . Then, we conduct a more accurate analysis of several of these applications. To heighten productiveness and efficiency in the concern procedure In USA, the authorities bureaus every bit good as the private sectors have embraced ABC to assist place working countries that could be more productive or efficient. For illustration, the United States Coast Guard and the metropolis of Indianapolis analyzed the cost of operations ( Kline and James, Journal of Mangement Issues, 2003 ) . An Air Force Base used ABC informations to cut down costs associated with denudation and painting an aircraft ( American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2003 ) . ABC was used to assist an electricity company to turn to how efficiently operational activities add to the concern procedure and the optimum mix of resources necessary to expeditiously execute these activities ( Management Accounting, 80, 5:30-31, 1998. Lawson, a package confer withing house implemented ABC to place, proctor, and pull off the costs, activities, and processes involved in developing a new income generated service adviser ( Dub, Susan, ABC at Lawson, 1998 ) . In Paper Mills, ABC was applied with benchmarking to acquire the production inputs and resources ( Fogelholm, John. , 2006 ) . To assist make budgets and set monetary values Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. implemented ABC to assist put transportation monetary values among its divisions ( Kaplan, Robert, Norton, Harvard Business School Press: Converting Intangible Assetss into Tangible Income, 2004 ) . It is reported from experimental grounds on the virtues of ABC for monetary value scene in a competitory market that differ in their ability to supply enlightening feedback ( Cardinaels, Eddy, Roodhooft, Filip, Warlop, Luk, Decisions: Journal of Management Accounting Research, 16, 133-148, 2004 ) . ABC can besides be used as a capital budgeting tool. A Fortune 500 company used ABC to turn out the viability of a capital investing of constructing a cybermall ( Coburn, Steve, Grove, Hugh, Cook, Tom, 1997 ) . To place client costs and better client dealingss The usage of ABC and Customer Relation Management ( CRM ) aid companies analyze their clients, costs, and profitableness and assist them aline with their strategic ends ( Anderson, Brad, 2004 ) . In a bank, ABC was applied to clear up the relationship between resources and merchandise or client costs ( McDonald, Robert, 2004 ) . An ABC enterprise helped Kimberly Clark alter its internal procedure and besides convert its clients to alter the methods of cargos ( Cokins, Gary, 2004 ) . With ABC informations, Mahany Welding Supply identified concern activities and cost drivers more accurately, assisting to better the bringing service ( Krupnicki, Michael, Tyson, Thomas, 1997 ) . A impermanent employment company used ABC to place the public presentation of client channels ( Searcy, DeWayne, 2004 ) . To do determinations on strategic issues At Carrier Corporation, ABC information was used to cipher the fiscal benefits of cut downing rhythm times, natural stuff, work-in-process stock lists, and storage infinite demands every bit good as to do determinations on operation outsourcing ( Kaplan, Robert, 1997 ) . ABC attempts at Reichhold, Inc. improved the company ‘s capacity direction, rhythm times, value-added pricing determinations, and analysis of a fabrication works ( Palmer, Richard, 1998 ) . For little fabrication companies, ABC showed that most of the costs calculated for big occupations were lower under the volume-base theoretical account than the ABC theoretical account. ABC besides discovered that profitableness began to diminish at certain occupation sizes ( Needy, Kim, Nachtmann, 2003 ) . Website www.Art.com applied ABC to steer resource allotment and determination devising ( Zeller, Thomas, 2001 ) To turn to external dialogue issues ABC informations helps companies better negotiate contracts with outside sellers. The Hospice of Cardinal Kentucky negotiated with insurance companies and put payment footings that are more advantageous for the infirmary ( Baxendale, Sidney, 2000 ) . The ABC information besides prompt direction to educate referral beginnings to convey patients to hospital before acute attention becomes necessary. GE Capital Commercial Services implemented ABC to forestall losingss ensuing from underbidding ( Byerly, Davis, 2003 ) . It seems most of the ABC applications start with placing the cost of production or service bringing and so continue with either bettering efficiency or altering the work flow or activities to do the concern procedure more effectual. In several cases, the ABC enterprises were farther extended to do strategic determinations turn toing the corporate degree issues such as concern alliance or competitory determination devising. It clearly shows that ABC has been applied to a broad scope of industry sectors and functional spheres. How to cite Many scholars and practitioners admit that ABC has several pitfalls, Essay examples

Lippmans Public Philosophy Essay Example For Students

Lippmans Public Philosophy Essay Lippmans Public PhilosophyWalter Lippmann begins his The Public Philosophy by expressing his concern for the state of the Western Liberal Democracies. The West, he writes, suffers from a disorder from within. This disorder has its roots in the long peace between 1812 and 1914, and was further exascurbated by the great population increase of that era and the coinciding industrial revolution. The latter changed the nature of armed struggle, which in turn intensified the democratic malady. The situation Lippmann describes is the paralysis of governments, the inability of the state to make difficult and unpopular decisions. This paralysis is the product of both the long peace and the great war. The period extending from Waterloo to 1914 lulled the West into believing that the age of Mans aggression had passed. Because the hard decisions of taxation, prohibition, and war were not often faced in these years, the Jacobin concept of the desirability of weak government was instilled in the West. When the first world war did come about, the West was unable to deal effectively with its costs. The new technologies spawned by the industrial revolution, as well as the greater populations involved, had made war infinitely more costly than in the past. Consequently, the executive aspects of Western governments were forced to democratize the appropriation of men and money by handing their power to the representative assemblies. The assemblies too were forced to cede their power to the People, who channeled them to media powers and party leaders. The result was Disastrous and revolutionary. The democracies became inc apacitated to wage war for rational ends or to make a peace which would be enforced.Lippmann holds that the major malfunction of the West is this acquisition of executive and representative powers by the masses. This is a fundamental distortion of the rights of the governed. Lippmann contends that the People have but two natural rights: to decide whether or not to by governed, and to choose who shall govern them. This breakdown of the constitutional order is the cause of the precipitate and the catastrophic decline of Western society. Why then, cannot a mass govern effectively? Lippmann holds that a large group of people is intrinsically unable to keep up with changing events. More dangerous, says the author, is the ease with which the media can sway public opinion. Because the masses have neither the political experience nor the time required to form informed opinions, they are subject to oversimplified and volatile opinions. This has a severe effect on the kinds of leaders elected in a popular democracy. Because the statesmen in this situation must appease the public opinion, successful politicians %2

6 Tips for More Efficient Reading in Grad School

6 Tips for More Efficient Reading in Grad School Got a long reading list? Welcome to graduate school! Expect to read multiple articles and, depending on your field, even a book each week. While nothing will make that lengthy reading list go away, you can learn how to read more efficiently and get more out of your reading for less time. Here are 6 tips that many students (and faculty) often overlook. Scholarly reading requires a different approach than leisure reading The biggest mistake that students make is approaching their school assignments as if they were leisure reading. Instead, academic reading requires more work. Read prepared to take notes, reread paragraphs, or look up related material. Its not simply a matter of kicking back and reading. Read in multiple passes Sounds counter-intuitive, but the efficient reading of academic articles and texts requires multiple passes. Dont start at the beginning and finish at the end. Instead, scan the document multiple times. Take a piecemeal approach wherein you skim for the big picture and fill in the details with each pass. Start small, with the abstract Begin reading an article by reviewing the abstract and then the first couple of paragraphs. Scan the headings and read the last couple of paragraphs. You might find that there is no need to read further as the article may not suit your needs. Read in more depth If you deem that the material is necessary for your project, reread it. If an article, read the introduction (especially the end where the purpose and hypotheses are outlined) and conclusion sections to determine what the authors believe they studied and learned. Then look at the method sections to determine how they addressed their question. Then the results section to examine how they analyzed their data. Finally, reexamine the discussion section to learn about how they interpret their results, especially within the context of the discipline. Remember that you don't have to finish Youre not committed to reading the entire article. You can stop reading at any time if you decide that the article isnt important - or if you think you have all the information that you need. Sometimes a detailed skim is all that you need. Adopt a problem-solving mindset Approach an article as you would a jigsaw puzzle, working from the edges, the outside, in. Locate the corner pieces that establish the overall framework for the article, then fill in the details, the centerpieces. Remember that sometimes you wont need those inside pieces to grasp the material. This approach will save you time and help you get the most from your reading in the least amount of time. This approach also applies to reading scholarly books. Examine the beginning and end, then headings and chapters, then, if needed, the text itself. Once you step away from the one reading one-pass mindset youll find that scholarly reading is not as hard as it looks. Consider each reading strategically and decide how much you need to know about it and stop once youve reached that point. Your professors may not agree with this approach, but it can make your work much more manageable as long as you review some articles in detail.

Checks And Balances

Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances The term â€Å"separation of powers† refers to the three branches of government; the legislative, executive and judicial branches as set up by our founding fathers in the U.S. Constitution. The principle of separation of powers had already been given a fair trail in most state constitutions and had proved sound. The legislative branch makes the laws and consists of the members of Congress. The founding fathers were in a debate on whether to base the number of representatives on population, which would give more power to the more populated states, or to give each state the same number of representatives, which would give equal power to all states regardless of their populations. The Great Compromise resulted in the creation of two houses, with representation based on population in one and with equal representation in the other. Thus the House of Representatives and the Senate were created. The executive branch enforces the laws and consists of the President of the United States. During George Washington’s presidency, people had already realized that one person could not carry out the duties of the President without advice and assistance, so the founding fathers provided support for the President in the form of department heads (cabinet members), but the responsibility of all executive actions still lie solely on the President. The judicial branch interprets the laws and consists of nine (originally there were six, but that was later changed) Supreme Court justices. There are also lower Federal courts, but they were not created by the Constitution, but were later created by Congress using the powers granted by the â€Å"necessary and proper† clause. The three branches work separately and have their own individual powers, but have to rely on the other branches in order to accomplish their goals. Each branch â€Å"checks† the other two branches in some way, which â€Å"balances† the po... Checks And Balances Free Essays on Separation Of Powers/Checks And Balances Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances The term â€Å"separation of powers† refers to the three branches of government; the legislative, executive and judicial branches as set up by our founding fathers in the U.S. Constitution. The principle of separation of powers had already been given a fair trail in most state constitutions and had proved sound. The legislative branch makes the laws and consists of the members of Congress. The founding fathers were in a debate on whether to base the number of representatives on population, which would give more power to the more populated states, or to give each state the same number of representatives, which would give equal power to all states regardless of their populations. The Great Compromise resulted in the creation of two houses, with representation based on population in one and with equal representation in the other. Thus the House of Representatives and the Senate were created. The executive branch enforces the laws and consists of the President of the United States. During George Washington’s presidency, people had already realized that one person could not carry out the duties of the President without advice and assistance, so the founding fathers provided support for the President in the form of department heads (cabinet members), but the responsibility of all executive actions still lie solely on the President. The judicial branch interprets the laws and consists of nine (originally there were six, but that was later changed) Supreme Court justices. There are also lower Federal courts, but they were not created by the Constitution, but were later created by Congress using the powers granted by the â€Å"necessary and proper† clause. The three branches work separately and have their own individual powers, but have to rely on the other branches in order to accomplish their goals. Each branch â€Å"checks† the other two branches in some way, which â€Å"balances† the po...

Health And Safety At Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health And Safety At Work - Essay Example The injury suffered by the three-year-old child called K involved him hitting his head on the bottom stairs and developing complications that eventually led to his death. Upon litigation, the school authority developed defense mechanism that though the entire school was rugged and had steps leading to classes, there was an ‘out of bound’ sign at the place where K injured. Another defense was that such accidents had never occurred since the inception of the school in 1930 because every act of the children had been under the supervision of experienced teachers. The prosecutor tried to convince the court that the defendant, which was the school failed to perform its duties of supervising the children while out for break even. The prosecution also pointed out that indication of â€Å"out of bound† sign in the region of the accident was lacking the support of the clause ‘reasonably practicable’. This is because the school had assessed the risks attached to that region but failed to set fence or hindrance mechanisms against access to the point. After examination of witnesses and inspection of the region of the accident alongside scrutinizing injury records of the school, it became evident that Hillgrove School had great cognition for safety than any other neighboring school. Thus, the jury concluded that the occurrence of the accident in that particular region was unforeseeable noting that there were evident steps by the school to enforce practicable efforts towards risk aversion. Another case involving place of work injury circulated between Mr. Shaun Riley and Chargot limited in 2008. In this case, Mr. Riley sustained fatal injury while driving a dumper truck belonging to Chargot Limited (Horlock & Snarr 2009, 390). This case also involved other appellants among them, Ruttle Contracting Limited who was the principle contractor in the site and George Henry Ruttle, the director of Chargot Limited and

There is a real danger of a house price bubble in London. Discuss Essay - 11

There is a real danger of a house price bubble in London. Discuss - Essay Example House price increase in London indicates that property dealing in London is not a sustainable one. London house prices are becoming unaffordable by citizens as well as immigrants (Ogonna, Chris and Charles, 2013). The house prices are currently eight times higher than that of salary of first time buyer. It has been observed that house prices have a significant impact on economy and banking sector of a geographical region. Increase in house prices clearly denote that middle income group is not being able to purchase a house in London or nearby locations (Tyson, 2003). On the other hand, increased house prices in London are not only a problem for this region but shall also have an impact on surrounding regions. The house price bubble is well represented in figure 1. It is clearly evident that demand towards real estate is significantly high in London. Domestic and overseas demand in London is high so as to sustain real estate selling. People having normal wages are not able to afford f lats or residential places in London. First-time buyer average increased to  £159,804 in the previous financial year. A speculative bubble shall be formed in the coming years due to high prices of houses in London. It is a real danger since maximum percentage of individuals would not be able to afford such high priced houses (Telegraph Media Group Limited, 2015). This might adversely affect economic conditions due to lack of residential places in the region. The argument is based on increasing gap between wages and house prices. Individuals need to possess sufficient funds in order to afford housing property. Market demand in real estate sector of London is triggered through prices bid by investors and buyers being inclined towards purchasing real estate properties. In the present scenario, price of a house in London is approximately 600,000 pounds. Other region in UK accounts for low prices much below pre-crisis peak and hence there seems to be a little danger

How Social Media Has Helped Transform Event Management Media Essay

How Social Media Has Helped Transform Event Management Media Essay Social media has changed the way information is communicated completely. The fact that people have adapted social media and prefer to use social media to communicate and get in touch with the world is proof of the fact that social media is here to stay. Social media has become very important for communication, marketing and a sales discipline as well. Event managers know from their experience that the most effective way of communicating, selling or marketing is face to face, but the reach of this is very limited as you cant meet and approach every potential customer. Other forms of marketing that are less personal had a wider reach but social media has made it possible for event managers to get in touch with as many people as they want. Face to face conversations allow a consumer to get engaged with the brand. Social media also allows people to share experiences about a brand and become advocates of it. There are at least 41.3 million people online in the UK alone and twitter users allover the world are estimated to be around 35mn. Social media is like amplified word of mouth. The word spreads fast and to a number of people at a time. It is something that event managers had been waiting for. Event managers can now build their event strategy after taking advise from their customers directly on what to include in the content, promote the event, share the experience with others and also evaluate how they event went. Now the events life has increased as the event is kept alive in the mind of the consumer through videos and pictures that are shared with many other people. This also increases the reach of the event. Event managers now have to embrace the reality and make the event available online. Event management often involves 5 phases, I will discuss each phase and how social media has helped transform it. Step 1. Planning Every event requires planning. Planning an event is an extremely lenghthy and tedious job, many softwares and guidelines are available to do this work. It involves getting people together to make an event a success. Deciding on the venue, the food, emergency plans, promotion, attendees etc. An event will only work out if these things have been planned in detail and the right people to perform the task are there. Some ways in which social media makes this phase easier are: Skype: Skype can be used to communicate with people who are miles away, it allows people to brainstorm and contribute unique ideas to make the event better. Â  PBworks:Â  this platform also makes it easier for people to contribute ideas add notes and organize the entire event. It is used by organizers all over because of its document sharing features which makes information exchange much faster and easier. Step 2. Organizing and inviting Once the planning part is done, the event manager has to make sure that everything is going as planned and that the people who have been delegated responsibility are also working. Time management is crucial at this stage, because of delay by one person to do his duty can have disastrous results. Also the planner needs to start inviting people, these include guests and attendees, you have to make sure that all the people who make the event a success are invited and are able to come to the event. For this purpose social media is available to keep information on the event organized and also to publish guest lists and speaker lists. Starting a blog is another great idea that event managers can make use up, these blogs are updated on a regular basis and keeps the attendants informed about how the preparation of an event is progressing. Facebook can also create an invite to an event, it allows people to respond to the invite as well. Step 3. Promotion and distribution Promotion is important whether its for a brand or an event, without it consumers or interested people can not be brought in. a number of promotional techniques are available but can be divided into below the line(ATL) and above the line (BTL) ATL deals with indirect ways of promotion where there is no individual contact between the buyer and the seller, these include print ads, TV ads, billboards etc. BTL is about direct interaction with the customer, may include activities and organizing of certain events to invite people to the product, consumer reach is limited compared to ATL but is much more effective. Social media can also be called an ATL approach but it has a much wider reach so is more effective. The event management needs to make sure that it is promoted through every channel possible. Potential attendees should be able to access information about the event and ask questions easily. Social media like twitter, youtube, facebook, orkut should be used. Social media should be considered a primary mode of advertising. Twitter and facebook should be used because they are meant to transfer messages. A facebook page is more effective than a facebook group because everytime the page is updated it appears in the newsfeed, allowing more people to view it. Facebook event is also an important way of letting people know about the event and also knowing how many people are likely to attend the event. Step 4. Meet expectations The manager should optimize the event to meet people requirements, because if the event does not make the attendees satisfied they are also capable of creating bad publicity for the company. High speed wireless should be made available so people can communicate with each other and converse easily with the guests and other attendees. Often even before the event starts the attendees start having dialogues with the speakers on the event and after the event that communication is continued. The attendees should be able to tweet in their questions in real time and also get answers, other attendees should also be able to answer those questions for the speakers. This makes the whole event much more interesting. There should be live conference available for people who are unable to attend the event. This allows people miles away to attend the conference and interact with every one around, the event manger should try and make it a holistic experience for such people also. Live streaming can also allow the event managers to reach out people who could not attend the event, later on some videos should be uploaded of the event, so that the lifecycle of the event is lengthened. The event manager also needs to listen to what the audience has to say. If they complain about any aspect of the event like the food or a particular speaker then the event manager should take action to improve the situation. Twitter conversation should be tracked properly and if not than surveys should be used to see what consumers have to say about the event. This makes consumers feel important as their opinion is being listened to and it helps managers align the event to the needs of the consumers ensuring that the event is a success. Step 5: communication after the event Post event communication is also important to make sure that the impression of the event is positive and lasts long especially if more events have to be held later on; If this impression is not a good one than consumers are less likely to attend the one in the future. After the event make sure your attendees know how to remain in touch through social media, emails should be exchanged to facilitate communication. Thank you notes should be sent along with updates and other information. Event management is as much about relation building as it is about organizing the event.

Annual School Day

List of Indian Classical Music Book Book Title| Author| Publisher| Description| Abhinav Geet Manusha (3 volumes)| Pt. S N Ratanjankar| | | Abhinav Geetanjali| Pt. Ramashreya Jha| | | Acharya Tanarang Ki Bandishen| Acharya V. G. Ringe (Tanarang)| | | Anup Rag Vilas| Pt. Kumar Gandharva| | Bandishes composed and sung by the author, most available on cassettes. | Bandish/Upaja| Mahammad Husen Khan| | Collection of bandishes composed by the author. | Bhartiya Sangeet Mala| Mirasha Bua| | Collection of traditional bandishes from Gwalior gharana. Bhavrang Lahari| Pt. Balwantrai Bhatt| | Collecton of Bandishes composed by Balwantrai Bhatt. | Dhrupad Dhamar Gayan| Rajabhayya Punchhawale| | Collection of traditional Dhrupad Dhamar bandishs. | Dinarang| Pt. Dinkar Kaikini| | | Geet Manjiri| Pt. Vinaychandra Moudgalya| | | Hindustani Khayal Gayaki| Mirashi Bua| | Collection of Khayals with notations of full improvisation. | Hindustani Sangeet Paddhati| Pt. Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande| | | Jivi Ji vai (Golden Voice Golden Years)| Pt. Jasraj| | Bandishes with notations composed by the author. Mai Jaisa Bhi Hun| Balasaheb Punchhawale| | Collecton of bandishes composed by the author. | Mukkam Vashi| Pt. Kumar Gandharva| | | Pranav Bharati| Pt. Omkarnath Thakur| | | Raag Bodh| Prof. B. R. Deodhar| | Collection of traditional compositions. | Raag Darshan| Pt. Manikbuwa Thakurdas| | Collection of Bandishes| Raag Rachananjali| Ashwini Bhide-Deshpande| | Bandishes composed and sung by the author. | Raag Sangraha| Lt. Master Krishnarao| | Collection of traditional compositions taught by Bhaskarbuwa Bakhle. | Raag Sarita| Pt.C R Vyas| | | Raag Vigyan| Pt. V R Patwardhan| | | Rajabhayya Punchhawale Swaranga Darshan| Balasaheb Punchhawale| | Collection of bandishs from repertoire of Pt. Rajabhayya. | Rasa Gunjan| Pt. Birju Maharaj| | | Rasaraaj| Pt. P N Barve| | | Sangeet Kala Prakash| Pt. Ramkrishna Vaze| | Collection of bandishs from repertoire of Pt. Vaze buwa| Swarangini| Dr. Prabha Atre| | Collecton of bandishes composed by the author. | Thumri Parichay| Leela Karwal| | | Thumri Tarangini| Rajabhayya Punchhawale| | Collection of traditional thumris. * A Discography of Hindustani and Karnatic Music. by Michael S. Kinnear / Hardcover / Published 1985 Price: $79. 50 * The Life of Music in North India : The Organization of an Artistic Tradition  by Daniel M. Neuman / Paperback / Published 1990 Price: $25. 00 * Bismillah Khan and Benaras, the Seat of Shehnai  by Rita Ganguly / Hardcover / Published 1994 Price: $30. 00  (Special Order) * Broadcasting : New Patron of Hindustani Music  by B. N. Goswami / Hardcover / Published 1996 Price: $30. 0  (Special Order) * The Classical Music of North India : The Music of the Baba Allauddin Gharana As Taught Byali Akbar Khan/Volume One : The First Years' Study  by Ruckert / Paperback / Published 1991 Price: $59. 95   * An Introduction To Hindustani Music  by Arati Chakravarty / Hardcover / Published 1999 Price: $24. 00  (Special Order) * Keywords and Concepts : Hindustani Classical Music  by Ashok Da. Ranade / Hardcover / Published 1990 Price: $26. 00  (Special Order) * Penguin Dictionary of Indian Classical Music  by Raghava R. Menon / Paperback / Published 1995 Price: $9. 0  (Special Order) * Between two tanpuras  by Vaamana Harai Deasapaaonode   * Hindustani sangeet paddhati : Bhatkhande kramik pustak  by Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande * Indian music in performance : a practical introduction  by Neil Sorrell * Indian musical traditions : an aesthetic study of the gharanas in Hindustani music  by Vaamana Harai Deasapaaonode * Islamic Contributions to South Asia's Classical Music  by Mobarak Hossain Khan * Musicians of India : past and present gharanas of Hindustani music and genealogies  by Amala Daaasaasarmaa * Pillars of Hindusthani Music  by B.R. Deodhar, Ram Deshmukh (Translator) * The Ragas of North India  by Walter Kaufmann * The Rags of North Indian Music : Their Structure and Evolution  by Nazir Ali Jairazbhoy * Some immortals of Hindustani music  by Susheela Misra

East of Eden Essay

In John Steinbeck’s novel, East of Eden, the deprivation of a sound conscience is a theme that is associated with Cathy Ames, and afflicts the people around her. The author uses foreshadowing to portray the future of Cathy and her multiple victims. By doing so, the author builds onto the characterization of Cathy, revealing how truly malevolent she is. From birth, Cathy is foreshadowed to develop into something monstrous. The author claims that he â€Å"believe(s) there are monsters born in the world to human parents† (72). Even though she has not been physically presented to the reader yet, Cathy is about to be portrayed as the main evil in this novel. This prelude to Cathy’s characterization foreshadows the evil that will come with her presence. Cathy’s reign of terror begins when she burns her own house down, and â€Å"the frightened talk ran through the town that the whole Ames family had burned† (87). This action corresponds to the foreshadowing presented by the author’s description of monsters being born to human parents. By committing such an inhumane act, the reader gains the knowledge that Cathy has no conscience. Cathy’s tirade did not end there, and after giving birth to Adam, and possibly Charles’, babies and trying to leave him, â€Å"she shot at him. The heavy slug struck him in the shoulder and flattened and tore out a piece of his shoulder blade† (202). Cathy’s ability to kill the father of her children without even considering the severity of her actions shows how much of a monster Cathy truly is. The actions performed by Cathy at such an early stage in the story only foreshadows to the reader that she has not yet ended her path of destruction. Cathy’s inner evil is revealed at birth, and, at a young age, she discovers that she holds powers that can be used to manipulate others. From birth Cathy is foreshadowed to be pure evil, and she â€Å"learned when she was very young that sexuality with all its attendant yearnings and pains, jealousies and taboos, is the most disturbing impulse humans have† (75). It is disturbing that Cathy realizes her sexual capabilities at such a young age. The way Cathy’s thought process is presented, it can be seen that Cathy plans to abuse her powers, foreshadowing conflicts to arise in the future. It did not take long for Cathy to utilize her powers, and â€Å"at ten Cathy knew something of the power of the sex impulse and began coldly to experiment with it† (75). Cathy’s ‘experimentation’ with sexual power at such a young age helps further depict her as a malevolent being with no conscience. The fact that she begins abbling in sexual activities, at an age where most don’t even know what sex is, foreshadows that there can only be trouble to come from involvement with Cathy. Years pass and, as foreshadowed, Cathy becomes a major contributor to her local brothel. When speaking of her regular customers with the brothel’s owner, Faye, Cathy tells her to â€Å"look at the heel marks on their groins†¦ I’ve got the sweetest set of razors all in a case† (236). Cathy has been secretly sodomizing and extorting extra money from her regulars, showing she is not content with the amount of control she already possesses. Her actions foreshadow that Cathy’s search for power is never ending, foreshadowing she will continue her malicious acts until someone is capable of stopping her. At birth Cathy is depicted to be monstrous, which is proven true by the actions she displays while growing as a child. The realization of the many powers she possesses are developed and abused by Cathy, showing she disregards all others well being in her search for total control. Such actions can only be performed by those who have no sound conscience, and have no fear of the consequences posed by society.

Forming Our Own Political Views - 638 Words

As high school students, looking forward to becoming voting adults in the coming years, many of us have began to form our views and express our opinions in support of our preferred political ideologies. One thing that is certain is that we will not all share the same political views. While some of us may become liberal in our orientation, some others may become conservative, while yet others may develop a mix of liberal and conservative ideals. This leads to the question, why would any given group of people have such widely divergent political views? Indeed, the age old debate on nature versus nurture has found its way into the search for the roots of political ideology. Historically, psychologists have linked the origins of ideology to upbringing and societal influences; the thinking is that strict parenting and upbringing would result in those who believe in a stricter doctrine of personal responsibility. Such people would tend to value traditional American ethics, have a very low tolerance level, be averse to risk, and be more likely to mature into conservative thinkers. On the other hand, those with a more liberal upbringing are likely to mature into adults with a so called â€Å"loose grasp on reality†, and a strong belief in an abundance of civil liberties. They are also likely to be less risk averse than their conservative counterparts. In recent years, scientists have begun to challenge the widely accepted linkage between our upbringing and our politicalShow MoreRelatedEssay On If These Walls Could Talk835 Words   |  4 Pagesmy flickering nightlight, forming all types of different shapes and figures. My imagination created vivid scenes in my mind as I slowly dozed off. In my younger years, walls meant possibility and adventure when the lights went out, however, in the later years of my life this soon changed. 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Samples of Narrative Essay on Library in English Reviews & Guide

Samples of Narrative Essay on Library in English Reviews & Guide Let's expand our library and see that which we want to do in order to bring another component. For instance, you will wish to be specific about which version of Angular your library works with. The newest version of the library might have its very own new dependencies that are incompatible with the project's own dependencies. There's bunch of them and all of them are pretty closely related so it actually doesn't make sense to create another file for each of them. Additionally, there are new possibilities in metadata settings employing scrapy parse. The attractiveness of FlashText is that the runtime is the exact same however many search terms you've got, in contrast with regexp where the runtime increases almost linearly with the variety of terms. You'd be familiar in regards to the compilation of a C file. Books offered in the house are the great service. Bilingual storytime can benefit not simply nati ve non-English speakers by making a welcoming environment for them and their children, but it's also a fantastic educational chance for English-speaking kids and their parents. The cost of an essay rides on the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. The sort of essay you're looking for will be offered to you within the deadline offered to you. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you will need to contact. While it's the case that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely challenging to write. The Battle Over Samples of Narrative Essay on Library in English and How to Win It It is possible to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. Many students think a thesis is merely a selection of ideas strung together with a couple crucial words. Today, most college students find it difficult to compose an essay on a specific topic. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Using computers can have beneficial side impacts on students, but could also lessen the quality of their work. Pros It is normally free to register for a library membership if it is possible to show proof of address that you're based in that city. There are various kinds of librarians. It is both efficient and simple to use. Ok, I Think I Understand Samples of Narrative Essay on Library in English, Now Tell Me About Samples of Narrative Essay on Library in English! It may be beneficial to get together to encourage one another to write. Library is the crucial leap in the creation of literacy given to students in classrooms. Library is a location where people are able to discover books for reading. Libraries permit children to ask questions regarding the world and locate the answers. A library widens the wisdom of the students with new suggestions and new thoughts. The superb library always giv es the suitable prospect for those readers. What to Expect From Samples of Narrative Essay on Library in English? Cons of Libraries Conclusion Some argue there is technology to read online and do research so what's the need to go to library. Cons If you get hungry you will want to leave, because most libraries aren't going to enable you to bring food. Library is a suitable location for those students to study and research with no disturbance. It is also essential for any kind of research on different subjects. Definitions of Samples of Narrative Essay on Library in English Our first aim was to make an Angular workspace named example-ng6-lib. There's however a command line interface that's cross platform. The streaming implementation is also able to recuperate from loss of connectivity, and that means you don't need to be concerned about that. In a conventional software project the creation of the frequent library is virtually always advisable. The Demise of Samples of N arrative Essay on Library in English One of the main goals of microservices is to create loosely coupled services which may be changed independently from different services. Most importantly, you'll discover professional librarians that are trained to assist you in finding precisely what you are searching for. Library is a typical platform for those who have diverse reading interests and capacities.

Gun Control Laws Will NOT Reduce Crime Essay - 2324 Words

Some people believe that extremely tight gun control laws will eliminate crime, but gun control laws only prevent the good guys from obtaining firearms. Criminals will always have ways of getting weapons, whether it be from the black market, cross borders, or illegal street sales. New gun control laws will not stop them. Since the shootings of Columbine High School, Virginia Tech, and Sandy Hook, the frequency of mass shootings has increased greatly. Gun control is not effective as it has not been shown to actually reduce the number of gun-related crimes. Instead of considering a ban of private firearm possession, and violating individual ownership rights, it may be more practical to consider the option of partially restricting firearm†¦show more content†¦In McDonald v. the City of Chicago, the Court found that an individual’s right to lawfully possess a firearm for the purposes of self defense under the Second Amendment applied to the states by way of the Fourteent h Amendment(Krouse). The Fourteenth Amendment states that â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws(Fourteenth Amendment).† Handguns were used most often in homicides, most cases being in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s before falling to a low in 2008 (Cooper, et al.). Most gun involvement occurs with gang related activity, which increased from 73% in 1980 to 92% in 2008 (Cooper, et al.). The percentage of homicide victims killed with a gun increased with age of the victim until age 17, where it peaked at 79% and declined thereafter (Cooper, et al.). The sharp increase in homicides from the mid-1980’s through the early 1990’s, and much of the subsequent decline, is attributable to gun violence by teens and young adults (Cooper, et al.). 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Drama Portfolio Essay Paper Example For Students

Drama Portfolio Essay Paper Our year eleven drama coursework classes have been studying a play written by Willy Russell called Blood brothers. Throughout studying blood brothers in our workshop, I have been able to dig beneath the surface of the issues and relate with the characters thoughts and feelings. I have also been able to interpret the text by acting it out on Nemours occasions thus making it easier for me to understand the text. We have discussed in depth the moral issues and how the text can be communicated through the medium and the elements of drama. The themes explored were rich vs. poor, and the issue of nature vs. nurture. One area I found difficult was to use the Liverpool accent effectively when this was a key part of the play. The play was essentially a social comedy, but it was partially a tragedy also, both the comedy and tragedy themes kept the audience on the edge of their seats. I thought the show was excellent and it definitely fulfilled the high expectations I had of it. We explored Blood Brothers using many different explorative strategies, this helped me to be aware of all the various themes. We will write a custom essay on Drama Portfolio Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now An exercise where we used some of these themes in was when we got into groups and used hot seating to reveal more about the characters. Our group hot seated Mrs. Lyons to find her motive for taking responsibility for someone elses child. As me and my other classmates acted as physiatrists we tried to get under her skin to convey these emotions, and eventually the pressure of being on the spot got inside her head causing Mrs. Lyons to be completely honest. I learnt that my interpretation of Mrs. Lyons character was not as ruthless as I originally thought from the text, and that she just wanted to be a good mother because she couldnt have a child of her own. We used this method of hot seating on other characters as well as it is such a constructive technique. Another explorative strategy I used was the use of freeze frame, we used this method to highlight the importance of a specific moment in the play. We used this technique when we got into groups and recreated the first scene. I played Linda and entered slowly in pace to the music and froze on stage in the position on my knees crying. Then each member of the group followed till we were all frozen on stage symbolically. This portrayed the class and status of each character. Mrs. Lyons was frozen in an upright position while Mrs. Johnston was crouched down hinting their class divides. We used other techniques to unveil more on Blood Brothers, one of these techniques was Role play. Role play helped me to relate to the difficulties the actors experience and to realize the similarities and differences between the texts. We used role play firstly to learn more about certain scenes in the play. One scene we chose was when we got into pairs and acted out the scene where Sammy convinces Mickey to do the robbery. We used a range of tactics to ensure this, I was Sammy and I convinced Mickey to this by using reverse sociology, name calling, violence and force. I learnt from this that Mickey really didnt want to commit the crime he just needed the money. We had a group discussion to emphasize why Mickey committed the crime and we came up with ideas like he needed the money, Linda would like him better, no one would be injured and he didnt think he would get caught. Role play also links in to the work we were doing in the courtroom scene. This is where we were all given a character and we were then questioned by the prosecutor about our attitudes to others. I was Edward and I had a hard role but I think I succeeded to the full of my potential. I was aware of my body language and how it differed much to Mickeys, I also had a negative attitude towards Mrs. Johnston who I hadnt forgiven for giving me away. We also did another exercise which reflected the poor vs. rich divide in the play. We created a role play which we were set when Mrs. .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 , .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .postImageUrl , .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 , .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807:hover , .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807:visited , .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807:active { border:0!important; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807:active , .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807 .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua0451e6299503e8a9ef8b0b867625807:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss Shakespeare's portrayal of Shylock in 'The Merchant of Venice': is he portrayed as victim or villain EssayLyons came to visit Mrs. Johnston at her home before Mickey and Edward were born. The women conveyed different attitudes to one another Mrs. Lyons being civil but discomfited at being in Mrs. Johnsons house and Mrs. Johnston being courteous but slightly embarrassed of her house. Towards the end of the role-play we tried to convey a sense that she instantaneously wanted to get out of the house, and that we should make it clear that Mrs. Johnson was happy because of her rapid depart. In our class we were set the task to act like a 7 yr old boy or girl. At first it wasnt easy to do this because it is hard to convey a character of a young age from some one who is much older but when I had come to terms with the use of voice and body language it became easier. I used the space widely and behaved exactly like a child. It was interesting to see what happened because there was a gender split automatically between the girls and boys highlighting child like behavior. For this task we used role play again and improvisation. Still in role of the children we used thought tracking to find out what the childrens thoughts and opinions were. I was asked by my teacher to stay in role of the child. I was questioned about what I got for Christmas. I fidgeted like a child would do and replied a bike in a happy voice, but when I was asked about the color of the bike the tone of my voice changed and I said orange, I wanted red this reflects spoilt childlike behavior. I now realize the challenges facing the professional actors who performed at plays such as Mark Hutchinson and Stephen Palfreman who play Edward and Mickey. In conclusion I think Blood Brothers highlights the entire social context throughout the play. Willy Russell also makes it clear between the issue of rich and poor and status and dominance. Throughout using the explorative strategies such as freeze frame, marking the moment, hot seating, cross cutting, narration, and role play it has been much easier and has helped me to completely understand the text completely. The strategies also help us to relate to the characters and understand the themes and issues presented. We see from the start of the play how Mickey was destined to be the miserable one, and Edward seemed to have everything given to him because of his mothers wealth. However both of the twins end up tougher in a tragic ending.

International Trade and the Environment Essay Example

International Trade and the Environment Paper Theworlds economies are Integrated through trade and capital mobility. Should environmental regulations be made more uniform in response to such global Integration ? Economists say not always, asserting that time and resources may be better spent defining and carrying out sound domestic environ mental policy. Environmentalists caution that free trade can be synonymous with sustainable development only if, inthe case of natural resources, environmental costs are internalized through such mechanisms as taxes and tradable pollution permits. The debate covers a wide range of issues-from pollution havens to the politi cal economy of trade in the west to the role of investment and technological change. To shed light on these issues, the World Bank hosted an international conference. Here are the main points emerging from the proceedings : The effects of growth and trade li beralization on environmental quality are ambiguous. But where appropriate envi ronmental policies are in place, where growth is associated with environmentally friendly technological change, or where trade liberalization reduces environmen tally destructive economic distortions or increases productive efficiency, the effects of increased growth on the environment are likely to be positive. Pollution intensity per capita appears to fall as income rises, but evidence of the relationship presented at the conference was based on industrial toxic emissions data, which reflect changes in economic structure (compositional effects) and not  the toxic intensity of manufacturing output. Toxic emissions continue to rise world wide. Fast-growing economies with liberal trade policies (such as Chile) have experi enced less pollution-intensive growth than closed economies (such as Bolivia and El Salvador). Again, this is a compositional effect. But the contrast between open and closed economies may be even more pro nounced if the relative toxic intensities within industry were taken Into account. There Is some evidence from the United States that when interest groups link demands for protection from import competition to environmental arguments, they enjoy a higher success rate in secur ing trade restrictions. The economic con sequences of this kind of strategy are gen erally unfavorable and the environmental effects at best uncertain. One example is a proposed amendment to the Clean AirAct that would have banned imports of elec tricity from Canadian power plants that did not meet new U.S. environmental stand ards (and that would have protected U.S. plants subject to less stringent rules). Pollution abatement and control ex penditures by firms do not appear to have had a significant effect on competitiveness in most industries, since these expendi tures represent a modest share of total costs. This suggests that national differ ences in environmental regulations have not been a major explanatory factor in the changing International location patterns of dirty industries. Moreever, rising costs of compliance with environmental standards tend to affect most countries. Dirty industries have expanded faster in developing countries than the av erage rate for all industries pber the past two decades and faster than in industrial countries. It is uncertain, however, whether this International pattern merely reflects growth or industrial migration as well.. It seems that firms have good rea son not to transfer dirtier technologies to lower-income countries when they invest in these countries. Evidence from the wood pulp industry shows that the rate of clean technology adoption and diffusion is higher in open economies than in closed ones. Trade Policy and Environmental Objec tives. We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and the Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and the Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Trade and the Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A key issues in environmental eco nomics is how best to protect the environ ment. Through command-and-control in terventions, such as trade restrictions and the use of pollution abatement funds ? Or through market-based solutions, such as industrial recycling and the diffusion of clean technology ? The tradition of direct control has dominated environmental policy in indus trial countries. Governments prefer direct commahd-and-control measures for sev eral reasons, according to Patrik Low and Raed Safadi. Regulation generally ensures more predictable outcomes. It assums the public of the governments commitment to environmental quality. And it provides public authorities with discretionary au thority over polluters. For these reasons, the shift to more more economically effi cient market interventions Is likely to be gradual, even in countries with the highest environmental standards. (Such marketbased policy alternatives have been re garded as an option only quite recently.) In comparing environmental and trade regulations across countries, most economists assume that the capacities to absorb emissions and other concentrations of pollutants vary and that social priorities differ. Differences in absorptive capacities give rise to a different structure of costs and benefits from pollution abatement and control activities and probably influence ^optimal resource depletion rates. Different social priorities (or discount rates) simply reflect the fact that not all societies em brace Identical environmental objectives. These two propositions may seem obvious and unexceptionable to econo mists,who thinkinterms ofscarcity, choice, and opportunity cost. But they are not so obvious to those who are tempted to assign an, infinite value to the environment. Differences in absorptive capacities and social preferences, allow the environ ment to be treated as an endowment or as a factor of production that is part of a country;s comparative advantage. Accord ing to Low and Safadi, it follows that envi ronmental standards and pollution abate ment and control activities will differ across countries, and there Is no valid, presump tion infavor of uniformityor harmonization. Harmonization ? Wide support exists in the environ mental community for unified action on the environment by all countries. The harmo nization of environmental standards would permitdirectcontrolof environmentalpolicy internationally, and as Nemat Shafik puts it, Harmony in environmental standards allows the imposition of extemal prefer ences without the disharmony of gunboat diplomacy. As already noted, differing absorptive capacities and social discount rates argue against uniformity as an inter national environmental pollicy goal. In considering such a goal, a distrinction must be made between prod uct standard and process standards. Product standars (relating to externalities in consumption) need to be enforced in the consuming jurisdiction irrespective of the source of the product. This means that harmonization occurs, at least for goods from all sources in a given market, al though not necessarily for those goods in all markets. Process standards (externali ties in production), however, should generally be specific to the location of pro duction. While calls for the harmonization of process standards are sometimes seen by economists as intrinsically protectionist, environmentalists disagree. Stewart Hud son asserts that such standards are In creasingly important, since they account for the life cycle of a product, beginning, with the extraction of natural resources and including the environmental ramifica tions of transport, marketing, packaging, consumption, and disposal. In sum, differences in environmen tal policy whether in standards or in en forcement capacities may not significantly affect a countrys advantage over a com peting trade partner. However, more re search is required. Even ifthe cost advan tages from these national differences are significant, this is no clear case for equaliz ing costs-or for the harmonization of standards. Growth, Trade, and Environmental Quality An important question, clearly in need of research, relates to the more dy namic aspects of the relationship between growth and trade liberalization on the one hand and environmental quality on the other. Discussing the links between growth and the environment in general terms, Marian Radetzki argues that increasing levels of economic activity are linked to improved environmental conditions. Ex plaining this relationship, he identifies as key factors the high income elasticity of demand for environmental quality, compositional shifts toward cleaner envi ronmental activities at higher income lev els, and the extension of property rights combined with the development of policies to deal with common global externalities in industrial countries. From a policy perspective, evidence that the pollutiori internsity/growth rela tionship goes the right way argues strongly  agains the adoption of antigrowth policies. Policies that factor in environmental exter nalities may well raise costs and reduce output clearly preferable to an uncritical pursuit of growth at any price. But adopting such an approach should be a matter of adjusting relative prices to reflect social costs and benefits, not of inveighing against increased economic activity because it carries environmental costs and consumes scarce resources. And once environmen tal policy interventions are contemplated, making the choice between more and less efficient alternatives becomes important from a welfare perspective, particularly when absolute pollution continues to rise and environmental crises occur. Ramon Lopez is less sanguine than many other economists about the extent to which technical progress can^ mitigate the environmental costs of increasing ,eco nomic activity, including that from trade liberalization. He presents a formal model that distingushes between growth with feedback effects (where pollution or re source depletion affects future production) and growth based simply on factor expan sion (where todays polluting activities do not affect tomorrows output). In the first case, there is an incentive to invest in the resource stock to protect its future value and so resource degradation or pollution may decrease with growth, particularly if appropriate ownership incentives are present. Where growth results simply from factor expansion with no allowance for technological change, the only way pollu tion can be reduced is through a reduction in output. Whither dirty Industries ? The intensity of pullution is beginr ning to level off In industrialcountries and is increasing in developing countries. Robert Lucas and others relate data on toxic emissions from the United States to cross-country manufacturing output and find that the intensity of emissions grew rapidly In developing countries during the  1970s and 1980s. So, dirty industries have certainly moved into developing countries, but have they migrated form industrial countries ? Increased toxic Intensity In de veloping countries may merely reflect dis persion, or industrial expansion, ratherthan migration. The toxic intensity of output declines as incomes rise only because the share of manufacturing in total output declines be yond a certain level of income. This is a compositional effect. There is no evidence that industry has left industrial countries. Neither is it apparent whether industries have chosen to locate in developing coun tries, rather than industrial countries, be cause of more lenient environmental regu lation. Patrick Low and Alexander Yeats use trade flow data as a proxy for shifts in the pattern of international industrial loca tion to examine how much dirty industries have migrated to developing countries over the past two decades. They identify 43 dirty industries based on the assumption that the higher the expenditures on pollu tion abatement and control, the dirtier an Industry. Trade data show that the share of dirty industry trade in total trade declined between 1965 and 1988, largely as a result of trends in industrial countries in the ex ports of many developing countries in creased. Low and Yeats supplemented that analysis with an examination of the re vealed comparative advantage (RCA) of 109 countries in the dirty industries. The RCA index measures whether the. share on a product in a countrys manufactured exports is proportionately larger than the share of that product in world trade in manufactures. If it is, the country is said to have a revealed comparative advantage in that product. Applying this Index to dirty industries showed a disproportionately large increase in the number of develop ing, countries with RCAs In most of the polluting industries. The rate at which de veloping countries acquired RCAs in dirty  industries in the period under study was four times greater than that of industrial countries and faster than the developing country average for all Industries. The faster, growth of dirty industries in lower-income countries may relate to such considerations as relative labor costs or natural resource endowments. Another possible explanation isthat particular kinds of industries, which happen to be relatively dirty, predominate in early stages of indus trial development. An issue in need of further research is whether firms that locate in low-income countries are dirtier than they would be If they located in industrial countries. Firms may wish to eschew this strategy even in it appeared that differences in environmen tal regulation offered a competitive advan tage. Reasons include fearof liabilityin the event of an environmental accident, the risk to a firms reputation from an environ mental scandal, the demends of consum ers (green consumerism) in export mar kets, anticipation of more stringent local environmental standards, and the relatively high costs of retrofitting aging capital equipment rather than starting out with top-of-the-line technology. Another is the cost of unbundling technology, such as the expense of shifting from cleaner produc tion processes to older, dirtier ones. processes to older, dirtier ones. Nancy Birdsall and David Wheeler show that dirtier industries tend to be lo cated in less open economies in Latin America. If economies with open trade re gimes attract more foreign investment than closed ones, these technological factors †¢are likely to be at work to a greater degree in the open economies. So, there may be an even stronger casse from an environ mental perspective for promoting liberal trading arrangements in developing coun tries than suggested by the industry compositon data alone. Birdsall and Wheeler presentsome anecdotal evidence from Chile of the positive link between openness and the transfer of environmen tally clean technology. International cooperation and the envi ronment. Looking at various aspects of inter national cooperation, Low and Safadi ar gue that trying to coerce countries into adopting particular environmental policies on the basis of unilateral objectives is un likely to raise environmental quality. Where punitive trade vestriction are involved, the costs of inefficiency associated with inap propriate interventions must also be con sidered. Environmental targets are more likely to be attained through cooperative arrangements that involve Incentives than through those that involve threats. Analyzing alternative policy ap proaches to dealing with international en vironmental externalities,. Ishac Diwanand Nemat Shafik demonstrate how, in a situa tion of less than perfectly functioning mar kets for capital and emissions, the opening of one market and not the other may lead to a harmful environmental outcome. This is an application ofthe theory ofthe second best. Diwan and Safik also establish the case for compensation, especially where industrial and developing country environ mental priorities differ, and where devel oping countries are expected to respond to industrial country concerns. While in dustrial countries worry about such issues as climate change and biodiversity, deve loping countries are much more preoccu pied with domestic problems such as health and local pollution. Making a careful analysis of alterna tive compensatory mechanisms, Diwan and Shafik look at current cash transfers, debtfornature swaps, technology transfers, and sanctions for nature (this is retaliatory or conditional ratherthan compensatory). The  only one of these mechanisms that is not accompanted by adverse side effects Is the transfer of clean or pollution-reducing technology. Under the assumptions of the model developed by Diwan and Shafik, the negative effects of inappropriate com pensatory menchanisms can be significant. This analysis stresses the importance of making efficient choice one a policy course has beeen decided on. Piritta Sorsa examines howthe rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) deal with environmental Is sues. She explores the GAIT rules on border adjustments (nondiscrimlnation and national treatment), public policy excep tions, the standards codes, and rules on dumping, subsidies, .and countervailing duties. Sorsa concludes that, since trade itself is rarely the source of an environ mental problem, there Is little sense in using trade policy to address such prob lems. It seems that the GATT poses little threat to the pursuit of legitimate environmetnal objectives (in contrast to hidden protection). At most, the GATT may be in need of a little clarification, as with the rules on border adjustments, where an Incentive is provided for the suboptimal use of envi ronmental taxes. According to Stewart Hudson, one approach would be for the GATTand other international agreements and protocols to make reforms in anticipation of the trrend among nations to adopt process standards and trade measures that affect both natu ral resources and. manufactured goods. Rather than fight the tide, GATT and trade negotiators should work on how to avoid the use of process standards as protec tionist devices.