Ethnography Essay -- Writing Literature Essays

descriptive anthropologyOne of the most complex and interesting aspects of cultural anthropology is the ethnography. The idea of being able to sound out stories about groups of individuals is something that is intriguing to many people. With the ethnography, the authors many times feel that they have control and understanding over the individuals that they ar writing about. Furthermore, many of these authors assume that the individuals among whom they are living and studying exemplify the entire society as a whole. Ethnographers have apply many different means of establishing their ethnographic authority. One much(prenominal) method is the use of reflexivity in the ethnography. Ethnographers such as Renato Rosaldo in his take a shit Culture and Truth The Remaking of Social Analysis and Bronislaw Malinowski in his work Argonauts of the Western Pacific assume their authority through the use of reflexivity. On the other hand, there are authors such as George E. Marcus in his work E thnography Through deep and Thin, who explain that reflexivity should be used as a means of demonstrating that one cannot assert such authority, and Dorinne Kondo, in her work detachment and Reconstruction of Self Implications for Anthropological Epistemology, who use reflexivity to make a distinction between the ethnographers role in the field, and the ethnographers role when writing the ethnography.thither are many different interpretations on the meaning of reflexivity. One such interpretation is given by George Marcus in his work Ethnography Through Thick and Thin. In defining one aspect of his interpretation, Marcus states that reflexivity is the label used in common currency to stand for possible but as-yet unrealized alternatives in the production of ethnography(Marcus ... ...serting their authority over the individuals in which they lived among. Whether reflexivity is used as something that is positive, or something that is negative, depends on the ethnographer. In essen ce, reflexivity is a method that when used in ethnography, is a tool that can be used to the ethnographers advantage, and how they use reflexivity is to their own discretion.Works CitedKondo, Dorinne K. Dissolution and Reconstitution of Self Implications for Anthropological Epistemology. cultural Anthropology. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press, 1986.Malinowski, Bronislaw. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. Prospect Heights, IL Waveland Press, 1984.Marcus, George E. Ethnography Through Thick and Thin. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1998.Rosaldo, Renato. Culture and Truth The Remaking of Social Analysis. Boston Beacon Press, 1993.

Mountain Against the Sea Essay -- History, Zionist, British

In Mountain against the Sea (2009), Salim Tamari investigates dichotomies that exist at heart the historical memory of Palestinian modernity prior to and during Zionist and British influences and how this has contributed to the separation from the tender changes that were taking shopping mall in Ottoman Palestine at the crimp of the twentieth century. Typical historical methodologies cast used the Nakba as the defining moment of change within Palestinian societies. Tamari, on the other hand, moves beyond this congenital methodology and explains how modernity and complex complaisant changes were occurring in Ottoman Palestine even before 1917. By taking advantage of geographical terminologies, he explains this with the cultural divides that were arising through the connector cities, much(prenominal) as Jaffa, between the inland (mountain/traditional) cultures and the global coastal (sea/contemporary) cultures. Tamari utilizes and builds upon theories of small town urban sp rawl and demonstrates how social ascendance (authoritarianism) differed between Ottoman Palestine and modern small towns within the West Bank. Building upon these internal changes taking place all over Palestine before, and to close to extent after the Nakba, Tamari proceeds with the atomic number 42 half of the book by narrowing the focus on particular urban intelligentsia, and social and political reformers. oftentimes of the discussion here is devoted to those fighting(a) within Jerusalem society and the author challenges conventional ideas of the city being devoid of modernity prior to British entanglements. Building upon his urban foci of hybridity, Tamari explains the cultural hybridity that took place within Ottoman Palestine. Many of his arguments challenge typical ideas about early Pale... ...im Arab Communist like Najati Sidqi the resulting conclusion is unendingly the same the traditionalist perspective of a pastoralist Palestine is unfounded. By investigating ea rly cosmopolitan social shifts, popularized ceremonies, the rise of urban intelligentsia, the destruction of coastal cosmopolitan centers and the resultant small town social authoritarianism, the rise of the nostalgic narrative referencing a lost traditionalist society, and the subsequent generations to synthesize imagined societies with reality, Tamari has successfully challenged the Palestinian palaver of who Palestinians were before, during, and after the Nakba. Tamari has utilized new sources of information leaning heavily on memoirs, unpublished diaries/journals, and commemorative events resulting in an amalgamation of new perspectives on the social changes within Palestinian society. Mountain Against the Sea Essay -- History, Zionist, BritishIn Mountain against the Sea (2009), Salim Tamari investigates dichotomies that exist within the historical memory of Palestinian modernity prior to and during Zionist and British influences and how this has contributed t o the separation from the social changes that were taking place in Ottoman Palestine at the turn of the twentieth century. Typical historical methodologies have used the Nakba as the defining moment of change within Palestinian societies. Tamari, on the other hand, moves beyond this essential methodology and explains how modernity and complex social changes were occurring in Ottoman Palestine even before 1917. By taking advantage of geographical terminologies, he explains this through the cultural divides that were arising through the connector cities, such as Jaffa, between the inland (mountain/traditional) cultures and the cosmopolitan coastal (sea/contemporary) cultures. Tamari utilizes and builds upon theories of small town urban sprawl and demonstrates how social control (authoritarianism) differed between Ottoman Palestine and current small towns within the West Bank. Building upon these internal changes taking place all over Palestine before, and to some extent after the Nakb a, Tamari proceeds with the second half of the book by narrowing the focus on particular urban intelligentsia, and social and political reformers. Much of the discussion here is devoted to those participating within Jerusalem society and the author challenges conventional ideas of the city being devoid of modernity prior to British entanglements. Building upon his urban foci of hybridity, Tamari explains the cultural hybridity that took place within Ottoman Palestine. Many of his arguments challenge typical ideas about early Pale... ...im Arab Communist like Najati Sidqi the resulting conclusion is always the same the traditionalist perspective of a pastoralist Palestine is unfounded. By investigating early cosmopolitan social shifts, popularized ceremonies, the rise of urban intelligentsia, the destruction of coastal cosmopolitan centers and the resultant small town social authoritarianism, the rise of the nostalgic narrative referencing a lost traditionalist society, and the sub sequent generations to synthesize imagined societies with reality, Tamari has successfully challenged the Palestinian rhetoric of who Palestinians were before, during, and after the Nakba. Tamari has utilized new sources of information leaning heavily on memoirs, unpublished diaries/journals, and commemorative events resulting in an amalgamation of new perspectives on the social changes within Palestinian society.

Divorce Law :: essays research papers

Divorce is a growing epidemic in Canada and the United States. It affects both parties involved, being the spouses, and also has a profound affect on children of the marriage. Recently our government has been revising the old divorce act. It was apparent that it was time to revise the act because it did not properly protect the children from being caught in the place of things.Divorce is defined as follows to dissolve leg on the wholey a marriage between separate (one of a married couple) from the some other by divorce . The Canadian constitution allows only the federal government to set divorce law. The government of Canada has a divorce act, and because it is a federal law, it applies fully and equally in all parts of Canada and to all Canadian citizens.Divorces begin with an application to the court asking it to declare that there has been a breakdown of the marriage. This application must include paragraphs which conjure up to where and when the marriage took place, who the c hildren were, who should have custody and why, if there is to be support for one of the spouses paid for by the other, and what is to become of the family property. Certified copies of the marriage certificate and any give up certificates are attached. The claim for support is known as "Corollary break" and may be for the spouses and/or the children (claims for custody also fall under corollary relief claims). When corollary relief is requested, a financial statement which sets out your families monthly expenses in detail is required.The divorce act requires the court to verify weather there seems to be any chance of reconciliation between the parties. The court may even ask for a marriage councilor to attempt a reconciliation.      The divorce act demands the sole effort for divorce as breakdown of marriage, and provides for three basic ways of proving it& adenine61623 You and your spouse have been separated for one year.&61623 Your spouse has com mitted adultery.&61623 Your spouse has treated you with intolerable mental or physical cruelty.The most common grounds for divorce is certainly a one year insulation for it is the easiest to prove. There is no such thing as a "legal separation" however while living apart you should be protected by a separation agreement. A separation agreement is a domestic agreement between a separated couple outlining the distribution of the property and other obligations to each other .

Prisons Essays -- Social Issues, Rates of Violence

IntroductionLongitudinal research has been conducted comparing the rate of violence in antheral and fe mannish prisons. It is important to do research on this topic because it does not only lead to the conclusion of where is violence prevalent, but focuses on other aspects as well. It focuses on the psychological, social, and sexual side of the inmate. This topic does not only focus on who has the highest rates of violence, but why does that sex have a high rate. This topic looks deeper at the differences between male and female inmates and what causes them to have high rates of violence. Most people would say that male prisons have a high rate of violence due to biological reasons. People tend to think that males are more aggressive therefore violence is prevalent in male prisons, yet there is a lot more to this idea. The focus of this paper is to inform if the rates of violence are higher in male or in female prisons and why that is the case. Various key federal agent s have been addressed in relation to this topic. These four factors would not only help in answer the research questions, but open opportunities for similar research to be conducted. This research paper will explore if violence is higher in male or female prisons and why is it high. In order to answer these two research questions, the following factors will be discussed relational violence in womens prison, a comparison of sexual coercion experiences reported by men and women in prison, prisoner confrontations and the search for respect, and the rates of victimization. Theoretical FrameworkThe most important factor regarding the topic on rates of violence in male and female prisons is relational violence in womens prison. This factor is ver... ...ul and relevant. Every single sphere contributed in finding an answer to the research question. The studies showed the factors of why? How? and when? do inmates (males and females) engage in violence and how does this raise the rates of violence. Although all this data was very encouraging more research should be performed. There should be more studies focusing on female inmates in order to give a better sense of female prisons. Furthermore the studies that do use females as part of the study should increase the sample surface. Authors usually examine large male sample size and only a few female sample sizes. This leaves people with the question of why is there a huge difference between the sample sizes. In conclusion if experimenters would focus on females like they do with males maybe more data can be presented.

Technology and the Future of Work :: Robotics Technology Electronics Essays

Technology and the Future of WorkEvery society creates an idealised image of the future - a great deal that serves asa beacon to direct the imagination and energy of its people. The Ancient Jewishnation prayed for deliverance to a promised land of milk and honey. Later,Christian clerics held proscribed the promise of eternal salvation in the heavenlykingdom. In the modern age, the idea of a future technological utopia has servedas the guiding light of industrial society. For more than a century utopiandreamers and men and women of science and letters have looked for a future worldwhere machines would replace human labour, creating a go on workerless society ofabundance and leisure. (J Rifkin 1995 p.42)This paper impart consider developments in technology, robotics, electronicminiaturisation, digitisation and learning technology with its socialimplications for human values and the future of work. It will argue that we haveentered post modernity or post Fordism, a new age technol ogical change,which profoundly effects social social organization and values. any(prenominal) issues that will beaddressed are elimination of work in the traditional sense, longevity, earlyretirement, the elimination of cash, the restructuring of education, industryand a movement to global politics, economic science and world government.In particular this paper will suggest that the Christian Judao work ethic withsocietys goals of full employment in the traditional sense is no longerappropriate, necessary or even possible in the near future, and that thedefinition of work needs to be far more liberal. It argues that as a post marketera approaches, that both government and society will need to recognise theeffects of new technology on social structure and re-distribute resources, therewill need to be rapid development of policies to assist appropriate socialadjustments if extreme social unrest, inequity, trauma and possible civil flutter is to be avoided.Yonedji Masuda (1983) sug gests we are moving from an industrial society to aninformation society and maintains that a social revolution is taking place. Hesuggests that we have two choices Computopia or an Automated State, acontrolled society. He believes that if we choose the former, the door to asociety filled with boundless possibilities will open but if the latter, ourfuture society will become a forbidding and a horrible age. He optimisticallypredicts our new future society will be computopia which he describes asexhibiting information values where individuals will develop their cognitivecreative abilities and citizens and communities will participate voluntarily inshared goals and ideas.Barry Jones (1990) says we are passing through a post-service revolution into apost- service society - which could be a golden age of leisure and personal

Abortion :: essays research papers

The Right to ChooseShould there be a constitutional amendment banning abortion?In society right away an agreement exists that when life becomes human life, that the human being must be protected. Many religions, organizations and individuals have passionately held conflicting beliefs about when human life begins. Is a fetus a human life at conception? Or is a child a human life at birth? Today, this wonder goes hand in hand with that question of abortion. There is so much controversy over this delicate issue that congress has been debating over it for nearly 30 years. This comes down to yet another heated question. Should there be a constitutional amendment banning abortion?It is nearly impossible to find someone who doesnt have an opinion about abortion and probably a strong opinion at that. Debates on this topic usually go nowhere, leaving the opponents until now more committed to their positions than before. Last month marked the twenty-sixth anniversary of the Supreme Court decision of Roe vs. wade. Prior to the case filed by Jane roe, the kingdom of Texas made it a crime to perform a crime unless a childs life was at stake. Jane Roe was an unmarried woman who precious to safely and legally end her pregnancy end her pregnancy. The Supreme Court ruled that (1) A woman and her doctor may freely decide to provoke a pregnancy during the first trimester.(2) State governments can restrict abortion access afterwards the first trimester with laws intended to protect the womans health.(3) Abortions after fetal viability must be available if the womens health or life is at risk state governments can prohibit other abortions.The power the Roe vs. Wade case was so important was because it has come to be known as the case that legalized abortion nationwide. At the time of the Roe vs. Wade decision, nearly two-thirds of the states outlawed abortion except to save a womans life. Before abortion was made legal to the majority of the states, many women preoccupied their lives due to illegal abortion. In 1965 seventeen percent of all deaths due to pregnancy and childbirth were due to illegal abortion. The film If These Walls Could Talk portrays injuries such as this in the time period. In fact, by the time Roe restored the right to abortion, from 200,000 to1.2 million illegal abortions were performed annually and hundreds of women died every year to end unwanted pregnancies.

Face Recognition Study: Inverted V Upright Faces. Essay

Face recognition study Inverted V Upright faces. Introduction Face recognition is a difficult visual representation depute in large part because it requires differentiating among objects which vary only subtly from each other. This particular face recognition study was expected to suggest that people signalize inverted faces less accurately than upright faces. The study involved sixty different faces observed on a computer screen by a sample of first-year university students. HypothesisThe scheme for this study stated that it is expected that people severalise inverted faces less accurately than upright faces. The null hypothesis stated that there would be no difference in the amount of faces prize regardless of whether they were upright or inverted and that if there was to be some(prenominal) difference that it would be down to chance. Method Participants The sample employ consisted of 15 first-year psychology students of mixed ages. Gender or race held no implication for th is study.The psychology students used participated in the experiment in there seminar groups at allocated times throughout a timetabled week. Materials The materials used for this study consisted of the e-pro computer programme which was used in array to display the faces required for the experiment. Furthermore, the results of the study were interpreted using the SPSS computer software. Procedure For the first part of the experiment, sixty faces, cardinal of which were upright and thirty of which were inverted were displayed on a computer creen for two present moments per face. After each participant had viewed the full sixty faces, a distracter task was then issued to them in order to remove any short-term memory effects on facial recognition. The distracter task consisted of a series of personal questions and lasted for roughly five minutes. Upon completion of the distracter task, the second part of the experiment took place. During the second phase of the experiment, sixty of the previous faces were shown alongside a set of sixty new faces.Participants were asked to say whether or not they recognised the faces from the earlier stage of the task. Results The mean number of recognised inverted faces was 0. 67 with a standard deviation of 0. 07. The mean number of recognised upright faces was 0. 74 with a standard deviation of 0. 05 ? Figure 1 shows the mean value for facial recognition of upright faces to be significantly higher than that of inverted faces t(14) = 3. 55, p= 0. 03Figure 1 Mean values of facial recognition for inverted and upright faces. Discussion The results recorded from this study suggest that our hypothesis that people recognise inverted faces less accurately than upright faces may be correct. However, to be more certain that our hypothesis is accurate, it should be ensured that the experiment is repeated and that in this case is counter-balanced across the whole sample of first-year psychology students collectively and not just withi n their seminar groups.

Plavix Case Study

Patent Games Plavix Case Study Columbia Southern University Abstract This case study illustrates the conflict between palpable protection and preserving a pure competitive market. Pharmaceutical companies are granted clear rights to newly developed drugs for a limited amount of time. Through well-grounded means they are able to form monopolies and maximize their profits. a parent comp whatsoever can move to delay the release of its generic comparison by dint of well-grounded and illegal measures. In the following case Bristol-Myers Squibb fell victim to their own anti-competitive practices. Why did Bristol-Myers Squibb and Sanofi-Aventis seek a settlement?Apotex had was near the conclusion of the giving medication mandated 30 month stay brought on by Bristol-Myers Squibb to delay them from releasing their generic form of Plavix(Chen, 2011). Bristol-Myers Squibb chose to settle rather than litigate for fear of likely losing some(prenominal) patent litigation. Buying out Apotex which was the only other producer of the drug would preserve their monopoly and profit margin. Bristol-Myers Squibb had already had a long history of manipulative practices and had retard other drugs from entering the market in a similar manner, excessive 30 month stays (FTC, 2003).They had been taking advantage of a loophole in the sanative Equivalence Evaluations system known as the Orange Book (FTC, 2003). Litigation would bring further attention to the practices within the pharmaceutical industry and encourage regimen activity intervention. Bristol-Myers Squibb and Sanofi-Aventis prevents Apotex from launching generic drug. Pharmaceutical companies are well within their rights to push for extensions on their patents (Baron, 2010). Bristol-Myers Squibb however did non take a legal approach to this.They should not have attempted to pay Apotex 40-60 million dollars to prevent them from launching their generic drug. The Federal Trade Commission must approve of any such capita l of New Hampshire to ensure that it does not violate anti-trust laws. Their attempted system was collusion. Their attempt to limit the production of Apotex was illegal and therefore rejected by governing bodies. Shermans outline Bristol-Myers Squibbs deceptive practices were likely to catch up to them. This occurred when they crossed paths with Sherman who led Apotex at the time.After everything settled Sherman acknowledged in an interview that he knew the FTC would reject the proposed agreements do by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Sanofi. He also recognized that their spokesman didnt realize his offer would cause adverse action against Bristol-Myers Squibb (Baron, 2010). He played to their ignorance and entered the agreement. There is no use up answer to the ethics of Shermans system. He did not actively participate or even condone Brisol-Myers Squibbs collusion in fact he knew the agreement would be rejected.There is no way of truly knowing whether Sherman acted with malice when implementing his strategy. Should the FTC and the state attorneys general have rejected the agreements? The FTC and state attorney was right in rejecting Brisol-Myers Squibbs proposed agreements on the grounds that it is an anti-competitive practice. The second agreement would have been rejected as well provided Bristol-Myers Squibb was completely honest with the FTC. Upon submission of the second agreement to the division of justice they affirmed under oath that all agreements were as listed on the document with no side arrangements (Chen, 2011).After the initiation of an investigation conducted by the Federal vanity of Investigations Bristol-Myers Squibb plead guilty to two counts of fraud. Did Bristol-Myers Squibb likely violate the deferred criminal quest agreement? Bristol-Myers Squibs board of shootors were not going to allow their organization to violate the deferred prosecution agreement. A corporation in its position must remain clean and ethical to rebuild especially w hile under the supervision of government delegate federal monitor Frederick Lacy. The firing of CEO Peter Dolan was a sign that Bristol-Myers Squibb was trying to recover.References Baron, D. P. (2010). Business and its environment (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Chen, Q. (2011). Destroying A Pharmaceutical Patent for Saving Lives A Case Study of Sanofi- Synthelabo V. Apotex, Inc. Albany Law Journal. Retrieved from http//www. albanylawjournal. org/articles/chen_3. pdf Federal Trade Commission. (2003). FTC Charges Bristol-Myers Squibb with Pattern of Abusing Government Processes to Stifle Generic medicate Competition. Retrieved from http//www. ftc. gov/opa/2003/03/bms. shtmPlavix Case StudyPatent Games Plavix Case Study Columbia Southern University Abstract This case study illustrates the conflict between patent protection and preserving a pure competitive market. Pharmaceutical companies are granted patent rights to newly developed drugs for a limited amount of t ime. Through legal means they are able to form monopolies and maximize their profits. a parent company can move to delay the release of its generic comparison through legal and illegal measures. In the following case Bristol-Myers Squibb fell victim to their own anti-competitive practices. Why did Bristol-Myers Squibb and Sanofi-Aventis seek a settlement?Apotex had was near the conclusion of the government mandated 30 month stay brought on by Bristol-Myers Squibb to delay them from releasing their generic form of Plavix(Chen, 2011). Bristol-Myers Squibb chose to settle rather than litigate for fear of likely losing any patent litigation. Buying out Apotex which was the only other producer of the drug would preserve their monopoly and profit margin. Bristol-Myers Squibb had already had a long history of manipulative practices and had retard other drugs from entering the market in a similar manner, excessive 30 month stays (FTC, 2003).They had been taking advantage of a loophole in t he remedy Equivalence Evaluations system known as the Orange Book (FTC, 2003). Litigation would bring further attention to the practices within the pharmaceutical industry and encourage government intervention. Bristol-Myers Squibb and Sanofi-Aventis prevents Apotex from launching generic drug. Pharmaceutical companies are well within their rights to push for extensions on their patents (Baron, 2010). Bristol-Myers Squibb however did not take a legal approach to this.They should not have attempted to pay Apotex 40-60 million dollars to prevent them from launching their generic drug. The Federal Trade Commission must approve of any such agreement to ensure that it does not violate anti-trust laws. Their attempted agreement was collusion. Their attempt to limit the production of Apotex was illegal and therefore rejected by governing bodies. Shermans strategy Bristol-Myers Squibbs deceptive practices were likely to catch up to them. This occurred when they crossed paths with Sherman w ho led Apotex at the time.After everything settled Sherman acknowledged in an interview that he knew the FTC would reject the proposed agreements do by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Sanofi. He also recognized that their spokesman didnt realize his offer would cause adverse action against Bristol-Myers Squibb (Baron, 2010). He played to their ignorance and entered the agreement. There is no direct answer to the ethics of Shermans strategy. He did not actively participate or even condone Brisol-Myers Squibbs collusion in fact he knew the agreement would be rejected.There is no way of truly knowing whether Sherman acted with malice when implementing his strategy. Should the FTC and the state attorneys general have rejected the agreements? The FTC and state attorney was right in rejecting Brisol-Myers Squibbs proposed agreements on the grounds that it is an anti-competitive practice. The second agreement would have been rejected as well provided Bristol-Myers Squibb was completely honest wi th the FTC. Upon submission of the second agreement to the discussion section of justice they affirmed under oath that all agreements were as listed on the document with no side arrangements (Chen, 2011).After the initiation of an investigation conducted by the Federal agency of Investigations Bristol-Myers Squibb plead guilty to two counts of fraud. Did Bristol-Myers Squibb likely violate the deferred prosecution agreement? Bristol-Myers Squibs board of directors were not going to allow their organization to violate the deferred prosecution agreement. A corporation in its position must remain clean and ethical to rebuild especially while under the supervision of government designate federal monitor Frederick Lacy. The firing of CEO Peter Dolan was a sign that Bristol-Myers Squibb was trying to recover.References Baron, D. P. (2010). Business and its environment (6th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Chen, Q. (2011). Destroying A Pharmaceutical Patent for Saving Lives A Case Study of Sanofi- Synthelabo V. Apotex, Inc. Albany Law Journal. Retrieved from http//www. albanylawjournal. org/articles/chen_3. pdf Federal Trade Commission. (2003). FTC Charges Bristol-Myers Squibb with Pattern of Abusing Government Processes to Stifle Generic drug Competition. Retrieved from http//www. ftc. gov/opa/2003/03/bms. shtm

Case Write-Up for Sunshine Foods Marketing

Case Write-up cheer Foods Problem Sunshine Foods biggest problem is their declining profits. They also surrender had minimal growth and have high operating expense costs, which are a large part of their declining profits. Causes Sunshine Foods has three major areas that need to be address in order to increase their profits. First, their motto As long as new products look like they will increase the companys sales volume, they are introduced. This is causing the company to take on too many products that dont increase their revenues. It spreads them to thin and makes them too generic.Second, adding more than(prenominal) products to use the unused areas of production. They need to do a cost compend to see if using that unused production time has any cost/revenue benefit. Just because it is unused doesnt mean that it will generate more money if it is used. Third, their contract states a grocer needs to carry at least 65 Sunshine Food items. This forces only large grocers to carry their items, which limits their market area. By limiting their market area to only large grocers they are unable to have price control and they are always competing against all of the other brands that the broth carries.Sunshines lack of growth is primarily caused by their lack of specialization. If they stern and freeze everything and anything then a consumer doesnt see them as cosmos the best in any product. Their lack of expansion into smaller stores is also holding back their growth. High overhead costs are created by Sunshines need to use every second of factory time. This is causing them to spend too overmuch to create a product that returns very little. If their factories have that much unused time they should just close a few factories and focus on what is really important.Recommendations I would recommend that they first do a cost analysis on the products that they are producing. This will allow them to see which products sell the most and create the highest return. Onc e they know this information they need to stimulate more of those items and stop producing the items that arent helping their bottom line. Along with this, they will be able to identify which factories are the most efficient at producing those items. They can then close the slower factories and use the money to make the remaining factories more efficient.I would then have them change their contract to a much smaller number of items for stores to carry. If they lower their number to 25 items then they could sell items in more boutique shops that will have lower competition and higher(prenominal) prices. To really increase their profits they should pick a few specialty items and market themselves as having the best in those items. This will help them create more of a brand name, especially if they sell those items in the boutique shops.

Entrepreneurship

History of entrepreneurshipedit Etymology and historical usageedit First used in 1723, today the term entrepreneur implies qualities of leadership, initiative and innovation in manufacturing, delivery, and/or services. Economist Robert Reich has called team-building, leadership and management ability essential qualities for the entrepreneur. 5 The successful companies of the future, he has said, will be those that offer a new model for on the job(p) relationships based on collaboration and mutual value. 6 The entrepreneur is a factor n microeconomics, and the study of entrepreneurship reaches back to the work in the late 17th and other(a) 18th centuries of Richard Cantillon and Adam Smith, which was foundational to classical economics. In the 20th century, entrepreneurship was studied by Joseph Schumpeter in the 1930s and other Austrian economists such as Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek.The term entrepreneurship was coined almost the 1920s, spot the loan fro m French of the word entrepreneur itself dates to the 1850s. It became something of a buzzword eginning about 2010, in the context of disputes which have erupted surrounding the wake of the Great Recession. clarification needed What is an entrepreneuredit entrepreneur (i/pntraprSn3r/), is a loanword from French. It is defined as an individual who organizes or operates a business or businesses.Credit for coining the term entrepreneur generally goes to the French economist Jean-Baptiste Say, scarcely in fact the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon defined it first7 in his Essai sur la Nature du commerce en Gnral, or Essay on the Nature of Trade in General, a ook William Stanley Jevons considered the cradle of political economy8 Say and Cantillon used the term differently, however.Cantillon biographer Anthony Breer notes that Cantillon saw the entrepreneur as a risk-taker while Say considered the entrepreneur a planner. 9 Cantillon defined the term as a person who pays a certain price for a product and resells it at an uncertain price making decisions about obtaining and using the resources while consequently admitting the risk of enterprise. The word first appeared in the French dictionary entitled Dictionnaire Universel de Commerce compiled by Jacques des Bruslons and published in 1723.

John Sutter and the Western United States Essay

During the mid-1800s, state were eager to explore most of the coupled States in search for a better place to live in. Those who came from Europe colonized in most move of the Eastern United States. But there are those who ventured further, going deeper into the West. One of them is John Sutter, born in Germany and of Swiss descent. He became a captain of the Swiss Army, and was driven away from his family because of debts, going to the United States to look for a greener pasture. According to Albert Hurtado in his book, John Sutter a Life on the North American Frontier, John Sutter deserves to have a title of an entrepreneur.All his achievements were the product of his hard work and entrepreneurship (Hurtado). He roamed the United States by using these characteristics to bring enough money to fund his ventures. The Eastern part of the United States at that time were already populated, where trade and commerce is flourishing all over the place. He joined a trading venture to New M exico, where he was successful enough, returning with wine, several mules and money. When he celebrated the Independence Day of 1839 in Monterey California, he met Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado.This meeting paved the way for a settlement grant of more than 48,000 acres of visit for Sutter, the start of the monumental New Helvetia Settlement which pioneered American life in the westbound United States. One of the few requirements for John Sutter to be awarded the land grant was to become a citizen of Mexico. This would give him thousands of acres of land where he can establish a pioneering settlement. In less than a year after becoming a Mexican citizen, he was awarded the vast lands in the central valley of California.In fix up to properly run this vast acreage of agricultural lands, he employed various Native Americans, as sound as welcomed immigrants from different places. John Sutters Fort became a famous stop-over for those wishing to venture into forward-looking lands. W ith this account from Albert Hurtados book, we can see that the Western part of the United States at John Sutters time promises new beginnings to those who wish for a different life. The East was somehow been congested with various the great unwashed migrating from other nearby countries. Because of this, some wanted, and even dared to explore other parts of the foreign land they have settled in.But not all parts of the west are conducive for living. In the account of John Bidwell, he describes most of the west especially California as the country was brown and sear throughout the State wheat, beans, e reallything had failedcattle were almost starving for grass, and the people, except perhaps a few of the best families, were without bread, and were eating chiefly meat, and that often of a very poor quality (Bidwell). This means that the west may promise a good life, but there are also risks in living there. It is fluent an uncharted territory for the migrants, and that they were a ll going to start from scratch.They have no clear idea on how to handle things at first, especially because they did not get in the area. However, it is also filled with resources just waiting to be exploited. According to Bidwell, the place also has some good points, there were no other settlements in the valley it was, apparently, still just as new as when Columbus discovered America, and roaming over it were countless thousands of wild horses, of elk, and of antelope (Bidwell). The Western part of the United States was rattling a place of uncertainty, wherein youll have to risk everything if you choose to settle in the area.John Sutter was able to survive and was successful in establishing a settlement in the area. In a sense, we could say that Sutter was successful in taming the Wild West. Sutters Fort housed a number of people ranging from natives to settlers, even those who were lost in their way, and these people contributed well enough in cultivating the vast lands of the settlement. In a few years time, John Sutter became a major supplier of horses, cattle, and wheat (Doti). The Western United States became a melting pot of different cultures. These cultures blended well with each other despite of their differences.This is essential for the success of the settlement, where everyone has to do their part in order for their efforts to flourish. John Sutter bridged the gap between the settlers, the natives and even the bordering Mexicans. Sutters works not only gave rise to a new settlement, but also to a new world found in the West. This is a very important contribution in the history of the nation, as it expanded the countrys influence across the borders. The culture in the Eastern United States at that time was generally influenced by the countries which they came from.Most these are European countries that are why they have authentic mixtures of various European cultures. On the other hand, the Western United States is not only a mixture of Europe an cultures, but also accompanied by various customs of the Native Americans and the bordering Mexican culture. This diversity has proven great importance in the formation of the Western United States, because western settlements were the products of various cultures cooperating with each other in so that they would achieve peace and order in their respective communities.Works Cited Bidwell, John. Life in California before the Gold husking. 1890. The Century Magazine. November 19 2007. . Doti, Lynne Pierson. John Sutter A Life on the North American Frontier Book Reviews. 2006. Chapman University. November 19 2007. . Hurtado, Albert L. John Sutter A Life on the North American Frontier. 1st edition ed University of Oklahoma Press, 2006.

Alternative medicines for various forms of cancer

secondary euphony for crabby person treatment are defined as a group of different healthcare and aesculapian systems, procedures and products that are not part of the basic definition of conventional treat( National Cancer Institute). Un same(p) complimentary choice medicine, which can be utilised unitedly with the conventional medicine for management of crab louse, substitute(a) medicine is used in solitary, without the inclusion of conventional medicine. In most cases however, people only result to utility(a) medicine use after conventional medicine has failed to achieve the desired results.When such happens, the disease is usually at a progressed stage, the effects of ersatz medicine are usually minimal. Despite this however, the use of alternative is widespread across the world. In m some(prenominal) cases however, it is difficult to make the difference between just what constitutes alternative medicine and complimentary medicine, since what may work for mavin pat ient may not necessarily work for another patient. However, before taking up non-conventional medicine, whether as an alternative measure or a complimentary one, cancer patients are advised to confirm with their oncologistsThe revelation that cancer has about 70 per centum nutritionary or environmental component some decades ago have led to the advent of non-medical better approaches for cancer. However, since there is no known cure for cancer, just like the conventional medicine used to treat cancer, the alternative medicine either inhibit the growth of cancerous cells or reduce the side effects that dress up when one uses a conventional medicines. Alternative medicines are used in various forms. Key among them is herbal remedies, special diets, vitamins and acupuncture.Other alternative therapies include homeopathy, ayurveda and chisel cartilage, in general used to manage pain after one has undergone conventional cancer treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy. The use of alternative medicine stolon started in North American but has also spread to other parts of the world as the benefits become more apparent (Rosenbaum, H. Ernest 117) The popularity of the alternative medicine has resulted in academic institutions taking up interrogation to prove or disapprove the effectiveness alternative cancer remedies. The popularity has attracted attentions by governments.In 1992, the United States government by means of congress mandated the creation of the Office of Alternative Medicine (OAM) this office was later elevated to a center status in 1998 and renamed the Center for Complementary & Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). This federal supported center is mandated with identifying alternative medicines, interrogationing them and disseminating relevant information to the general population. The center is also charged with stipulating diagnostic, preventive and treatment modalities that apply to the alternative medicine sector.NCCAM works closely with the Nat ional Cancer Institute, which also has a cancer complementary &Alternative Medicine (OCCAM) office that is involved in research regarding the role that alternative medicine play in cancer treatment (Rosenbaum 117). Dietary medicine Nutritional supplements and special anti-cancer diets are among the most prominent alternative therapies used for cancer treatment. The reasoning behind nutrition treating cancer thrives from the fact that ve fareables and ingathering are rich in dietary fiber and hence lowers ones cancer risk. However, patients are also advised to bend victualss rich in dietary fats.Beyond what is supported by research findings, some people accept that some diets can actually cure some forms of cancer (Rosenbaum, 118) One of the diets touted as a feasible cancer treatment, although not backed by research is the macrobiotic diet (Horowitz, Joellyn & Mitsuo Tomito). The Macrobiotics diet stresses the importance of avoiding animal proteins. Ins tead, the diet encourage s people to eat meals containing 50 percentage whole grains, 25 percent vegetables, 7. 5 percent beans in addition to the consumption of sea weed and fruits, nuts and seeds.The diet also stresses the need for the patient to engage in bodily exercises, reduce stress, and avoid exposure to pesticides and electromagnetic radiation (Horowitz and Mitsuo). The alleged anti cancer properties for the Macrobiotic diet according the American Institute for Cancer Research may be derived from the fact that consumption of whole cereals minimizes cancer risks in various body parts. For example eating seaweed regularly reduces the risk of breast cancer by acting as an anti-estrogen (Braun, Lesley & Mark Cohen 127)Diets are especially effective when used to inhibit tumors that respond to hormones. The hormonal agents in the foods are used to control the hormonal levels in the body. Theoretically, the active components in foods and herbs can inhibit or stimulate tumor growth. A good example is the flavonoids found in nuts, fruits, vegetables and drinks such as coffee, tea and red wine. Flavonoid is believed to have free radical scavenging properties, which modify enzymes responsible for activating or detoxifying carcinogens.When such happens, protein -1, which acts as the transcription factor promoting tumor growth is suppress and consequently the tumor cannot grow (Braun and Marc 128). The only downside to dietary intervention in cancer prevention and treatment usually arise because the flavanoids in everyday food is very low, thus cut the effect that everyday eating has on tumor growth. According to research carried out by the American Institute of cancer research in collaboration with the World Cancer Research Fund, it is possible that foods high in dietary fiber protect people against colorectal cancer (73).The research however doubts that these same foods have any overprotective properties against esophageal cancer. Indirectly however, the underwrites states that th e only link between esophageal cancer and high fiber diet is that the foods have low energy density and thus do not contribute to much weight gain as other foods would. weight unit gain is linked to obesity, which is believed to pose higher cancer levels (74) There is scientific probability that non starchy vegetable could protect people against cancers of the Stomach, esophagus, larynx, pharynx and mouth.However, any protective properties of these vegetables against lung cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer or nasopharynx cancer were ruled out (75). The report further states that demonstrate supporting alleged protective properties of carrots against cervical cancer was limited, while it is probable that garlic has anti-colorectal cancer properties. Soya products could protect against prostate and stomach cancers, while the risk of larynx, pharynx and mouth cancers reduced with fruit consumption. Folate rich foods lower the risk of colorectal and esophage al cancers, while lycopene rich foods fight prostate cancerMind-body exercises The belief that one can influence the physical health by his/her mind is a long ingrained notion in most peoples mind. The conviction that most people holds such believes with has eventually led to the inclusion of mind-body exercises into mainstream medical procedures. Such include prayer and meditation. This belief suggests that a person is only as healthy as they let in themselves to be. Even when sick, the belief suggests that the course that the illness takes is fully dependent on ones frame of mind (Rosenbaum 119).In Cancer treatment, the belief maintains that mental mood plays a major role in overcoming malignancy. While conventional wisdom would suggest that prayer and meditation helps cancer patients handle psychological issues better, thus reducing stress and consequently increasing their endurance rates, proponents of the healing powers of mind-body exercises believe otherwise. Though not pr oven through medical findings, cancer patients at times report getting healing after being prayed for. Proven benefits of the mind and body exercises reduce anxiety, mood disturbances and stress among the patients.In addition, the exercises help reduce chronic pain, nausea, vomiting and thus helps improve the overall quality of life among cancer patients. Hypnosis is also among the relaxation techniques that cancer patients use to control anxiety, distress, pain or impression (DeVita, T. Vincent Et al 2958) heedfulness mediation is also among the most common mind-body exercise used by cancer patients. It involves the individual accepting and acknowledging his/her health status. Once this is accomplished, the patients are encouraged to plow out their feelings in a group therapy setting.With time, the patients learn to deal with stress, anxiety, depression and other psychological needs that arise when one learns that they have cancer. Manual healing This includes touch manipulation techniques a practiced by chiropractic doctors and osteopathic doctors. Hand massage is also effectively used to reduce stress and alleviate anxiety among cancer patients. Another common form of healing is the therapeutic touch common in North America. This too is used on cancer patients to clear their systems through the healers hands, which are placed above the patients head.The efficacy of this method is however not backed by any scientific evidence and the psychological benefits that patients acquire are thought to come from the concern expressed by the caregiver during therapy (Rosenbaum 122). Herbal medicines Most Herbal cancer treatment across the world has no scientific backing to prove that they indeed have anti-cancer properties. Despite this, cancer patients continue to use them in the hope that their health concerns will be alleviated. One such example is the Essiac, which is popular in North America.The product is banned in Canada, but can still be found in shops across the United States. Essiac is made of four herbs namely Slippery elm, Sorrel, Turkey rhubarb and burdock. Proponents of this herbal remedy claim that Sheep Sorrel is expert to the endocrinal system, while Burdock gets rid of free radicals hence purifying the blood. On its part, the slippery elm is said to dissolve mucous deposits on administration channels, glands, or tissue hence soothing the inflamed organs, while the Indian rhubarb is said to help the liver get rid of toxins (Cassie, M.Rene). In Europe, a diffirent cancer herbal remedy known as Iscador is also widely used as a folk medicine. Although it is not backed by any scientific evidenced, Iscador is widely used in Europe, something that made European governments to fund studies to prove the effectiveness of the herbal remedy. Aromatherapy This involves the use of essential oils to activate learned memories in a cancer patient. Often practiced during massage, aromatherapy has been known to increase the quality of life for most cancer patients.Evidence that aromatherapy helps reduce anxiety, blood pressure, pulse rate, pain and depression abounds in the medical circles (Yarbro, C. Henke 604) Antioxidants Research has proved that antioxidants have free radical scavenging properties. Since conventional cancer, treatment uses therapies such as antimebolites, radiation and alkalizing agents, this evidence has made the use of antioxidants more common among recovering cancer patients. Products with high anti oxidant properties include vitamin E, Vitamin C and Beta carotene.Some alternative medicine proponents believe that Vitamin C increases the survival rate for breast cancer patients (Yarbro 606). In addition, Yarbro and others states that men suffering from prostate cancer may have more survival chances by taking vitamin E supplements. It is however notes that the results of same treatment may vary between different person due to the amount of doses that each takes and the duration differences. Shark Ca rtilage The shark cartilage is got from the spiny-dogfish sharks and has been used as a cancer therapy for centuries now.The belief that the shark cartilage could heal cancer sprouted from observations to the effect that sharks do not get cancer. The main properties of the shark cartilage that makes it so popular are the potential anti tumor activities. They include the cartilages ability to stimulate the resistive system, ability to kill cells directly and angiogenesis. Despite its popularity, health practitioners against using shark cartilages as a form of cancer treatment claiming that there is insufficient evidence t o support its efficacy or safety (Yabro 608).

Economic Development and Culture Essay

fit in to Easterly (2001), attempted remedies to underdevelopment (like loans, FDI, population control) are generally determined by non-economic factors such as demographic variables, cultural characteristics, and policy-making systems. In the following paragraph, Easterly demonstrated the devastating implication of a individual path to economic development in many third base World countries. Now, the assumptions of both classical economists and political economists are under attack. There is one element that both these theories ignored culture.Sociologists and cultural anthropologists often argued that in that location is no single path to economic development when culture is taken into consideration. Market institutions and free sight instruments have usually low adoption rates in many underdeveloped countries (Easterly, 2001). The reason is non obvious. Traditional methods of production and exchange often obscure economic principles. These traditional methods of production and exchange constituted a significant part of culture. For example, in the 1950s, the so-called trickle cut out appeal became popular in the West.The idea is simple. The adoption of technology flows smoothly from the capitalist class to low income agricultural families (Easterly, 2001). Translated into income, the rate by which the capitalist class accumulates wealth is correlated with the rate by which low income agricultural families accumulates capital. In short, the approach benefits all individuals who adopt prescribed technologies (since these technologies increase production and improve efficiency). Such approach was enthusiastically standard by Third World countries in the 1950s and 1960s (Easterly, 2001).However, after two decades of trial, it was clear that it failed to declare the desired results. Farmers did not adopt the prescribed technologies, as what the proponents of the approach expected. Several studies were conducted to determine cause of the failure. hort iculture was seen as the culprit variable in those studies. Third World farmers failed to adopt prescribed technologies because 1) such technologies were antithetical to traditional beliefs and farming practices, and 2) culture did not permit them to use such technologies. These results generally struck down the traditional economic approach to development.Economic principles are not the sole determinants of economic development. Easterly (2001) summarized the design of culture in economic development. His main propositions are as follows 1) Many economic policies failed because it never co-ordinated elements of cultural life. Such can be said of the trickle-down approach used by many Third World countries in the 1950s and 1960s 2) Culture decides which and how economic policies should be undertaken. For example, an economic policy that fosters info liberalization in an Islamic country is doomed to failure.An economic policy should be socially pass judgment 3) Culture provides a n avenue for feedback for implemented economic policies. Culture is itself a collective entity that dictates which economic policies are sustainable in the long-run. Acceptance is not the issue, rather the long-term utility to the society 4) Culture provides individuals, groups, and institutions the necessary object lesson information of specific policies. When viewed from the social exchange theory, it is these moral information that enable individuals and groups to rationally weigh the benefits and be of particular economic policies.In the book Culture Matters, Pattersons essay successfully showed that economic models failed to rationalize the persistent social and behavioural chaos that defines inner urban life (Culture Matters, 494). Patterson argued that economic models only rationaliseed the actual elements of economic life that is, economic models only touched issues like income, consumption, savings, and investment (Culture Matters, 495-98). When those economic models were used to explain behavioral differences across individuals, groups, and classes, they ended in self-insufficiency.However, Pattersons essay revealed another striking fact. Cultural differences, behavioral outlook on wealth, and socio-religious beliefs were seen as determinants of income, investment, and savings. Groups that have a positive outlook on wealth and investment have tendencies to adopt capitalist principles. Groups which adhere to conservative religious beliefs tend to view capitalist principles as unChristian. In short, cultural differences determine economic development. To restrict economic development to the twin principles of free flip and non-government intervention is misleading.If a country wanted to experience economic development, it must take into consideration non-economic variables. policy-making culture, ideology, socio-religious beliefs, and systems of exchange are some of the non-economic variables that influence economic decision-making patterns.Wo rks CitedCulture Matters. Ed. By Lawrence Harrison and Samuel Huntington. bare-assed York New York Basic Books, 2000. Easterly, William. The Elusive Quest for Growth Economists Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics. MIT The MIT Press, 2001.

Young Goodman Brown: Nathaniel Hawthorne

tender Goodman brownness, was written in year of 1835 by Nathaniel Hawthorne, who is identified for being one of literatures most fascinating interpreters of seventeenth-century prude culture. A literary device is a method that creates a definite influence in writing. literary devices are found all throughout girlish Goodman dark-brown, such as theme, motif, and sign. There are legion(predicate) different themes shown throughout the story of issue Goodman brown. From the moment he enters the enigmatic forest, small Goodman Brown expresses his tending of being there, and to him it is a place where nothing upright is probable.Young Goodman Brown, similar to other Puritans, relates the forest with wild Indians and thinks he sees them hiding behind the trees. Young Goodman Brown has strong faith that evil could definitely exist in the woodwind instrument. Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness (Hurley 1). Young Goodman Brown in the grand run sees evil in himself, just as he had predicted. He believes of it as a matter of putridness that is not the tradition of his family and friends. They would certainly not have strolled in the forest by choice, and Young Goodman Brown is distraught when evil insists otherwise.He is humiliated to be seen walking in the woods and hides when the minister and Deacon guide by. The woods are considered evil, scary, and gloomy, and Young Goodman Brown is at ease in the woods when he has inclined in to the devil. One of the motifs in the story of Young Goodman Brown is female purity. When Young Goodman Brown leaves trust at the opening of the story, he promises that after this evening of devilish activities, he testament grasp onto her skirts and rapid growth to paradise.From the time and setting of this story, the idea was that a mans wife or mother will convert him and prepare the work of true livingual faith for the entire family was a popular one. Young Goodman Brown adheres to the impressi on of beliefs purity during the course of his trials in the woods, blasphemy that as long as Faith rests holy, he can find it in himself to fight the devil. When Young Goodman Brown discovers that Faith is present at the service, it alters every one of his thoughts about what is moral or immoral in the universe, losing his cater and capability to fight (Baym 1).Female purity was an influential idea in Puritan New England, and men bank on womens faith to sustain on their own. When Faiths purity is demolished in the eyes of Goodman Brown, he fails to fight evil and use his faith. One of the main symbols in this story is the pinkish ribbons that Faith places in her cap that signifies her purity. The colorize pink is linked with virtue, and ribbons are known as a modest and innocent embellishment. Hawthorne references Faiths pink ribbons numerous times at the opening of the story, bestow her personality with youth and cheerfulness (Xian-Chun 2).He reestablishes the ribbons when Yo ung Goodman Brown is in the woods, contemplating with his uncertainties about the morals of people he is acquainted with. When the pink ribbon flies downward from the clouds, Young Goodman Brown distinguishes it as a symbol that Faith has absolutely dropped into the territory of evil she has no mark of her purity or innocence (Xian-Chun 1). The color white also represents the idea of goodness and purity, while red represents twistedness and tainted ideas.In the conclusion of the story, Faith meets Young Goodman Brown as he proceeds from the woods she is wearing her pink ribbons yet again, signifying her return to the pattern of innocence she displayed at the opening of the story and casting away the uncertainties on the truth of Young Goodman Browns ventures (Xian-Chun 1). Williamson begins by stating, Hawthornes definition of a good author, he advises that Hawthorne deemed the best writers as those with a diminutive devil in them (Williamson 1).Williamson proposes that in Young G oodman Brown there is a joining among the novelist and the evil spirit and the novelist/narrator is truly a follower of the evil spirit festivity (Williamson 1). He also composes that Brown really meets with the three evil spirits the old man, Goody Cloyse, and the narrator. The narrator is the evil spirit in the story that he has the capability to make Brown and the person who reads identify evil abilities of the other characters (Williamson 1). Walter snip shares that as Young Goodman Brown leaves Faith, he becomes an individual psychologically.His retreat from his wife is not merely a representative loss of faith, but it is also his leaving behind conservative faith. In the woods, Browns belief is abstracted therefore the familiar woods are frightening (Shear 1). He must struggle with the individuals in the woods in demand to keep his ethics and beliefs. It is him contrary to humanity and he is deceived by that very civilization. At the end, Young Goodman Brown departs the fanta sy and proceeds to usual culture (Shear 1). He is more conscious of himself and of his connection with other participants of the culture. Shear states that Brown exemplifies the unbalanced Puritanism s it declines in its spiritual belief and becomes slightly deceitful. Browns annoyance of his wife and community signifies his own necessity to psychologically limit his motives for leading in the forest (Shear 1). Young Goodman Brown is entirely devastated and overwhelmed when he wakes from his nightmare. As he walked the streets of Salem he was not undefendable to impound his resourcefulness from actuality. He is incapable to handle the findings that the possible for wicked exist in everyone. The rest of his life is demolished because of his helplessness to express this reality and be aware of it.The vision, has established the seed of uncertainty in Young Goodman Browns mind, which subsequently takes him off from his related gentleman and leaves him unaccompanied and unhappy. Th e reality is that Young Goodman Brown loathes these individuals because he understands that identical traits in himself. Like the individuals in his vision, he questions his personal belief. However, he plants his personal worries onto those nearby him. The vision is a demonstration of all of the anxieties he has about himself and the selections he has made throughout his lifetime.He is too exuberant of pride to recognize his personal mistakes. His time finishes unaccompanied and depressed because he was not once capable to gaze at himself and understand that what he understood were everyone elses mistakes were his as well. He is entirely secluded from his culture. The literary devices deployed by Hawthorne throughout Young Goodman Brown, give the piece an effectiveness and life that it would not have otherwise. The devices of theme, motif, and symbolisation are heavily used and extremely effective throughout the entire piece, making it understandable, relatable, and enjoyable for the reader.

Comparison of “A Good Man is Hard” Essay

mise en sceneThe setting of A superb homosexual is unwaveringly to Find is in a place in Georgia, but the reader is non exposed to the description of the original setting. The story begins in a urban center that is not named where the family lives and takes the reader to m each places where the family travels. There is Plenty of local color at that place are the one-time(a) plantations that get passed, and Red Sammys roadside barbeque joint. For Love in L.A the story takes place on the Freeway of Los Angeles, where Jake, protagonist, lazy, ego-absorbed and irresponsible, is driving along the freeway (Dagoberto, 2004). The similarity in the setting of the 2 stories is the point that story happens as an experience of persons travelling. However the two stories are different because in A Good composition is sonorous to Find it involves a family and the relationship to one another. This is not the dame case in Love in L.A where the story involves Jake who is driving along a freeway.CHARACTERSIn Love in L.A Jake is presented as an irresponsible, self absorbed and lazy protagonist. This is seen when he hits Marianas railway car due to his carelessness. Jake is to a fault dishonest when he gives Mariana wrong teaching regarding his address, phone number, and insurance information (Dagoberto, 2004). The main reason as to why he does this is for him to walk free from the consequences he is likely to face for hitting Marianas car. Mariana is the storys antagonist. She believes the information given to him by Jake and she gives her correct information to Jake, with hopes of becoming good friends. Despite the fact that he hits her car does not make to feel anger against him, but instead accepts his proposal.In A Good Man is Hard to Find the grandmother is seen as a manipulator. She does not want to go to Florida because she has relatives in Tennessee shewants to see. She tries to potpourri the mind of Bailey through a subtle style (Flannery, 1992). The Mi sfit despite being violent and a gentle killer, he has a different opinion to that of the grandmother. As much he knows that he is not virtuously upright, he also has the view that there are some sight who are worse than him. He is consistent in these views, something that lacks in the grandmother.Bailey can be seen as submissive since he submits to his mothers request to get word the old plantation house. He is also ineffective when he fails to quiet his mother but in vain. Red Sammy Butts is honest as is seen by the trust that the grandmother has in him. He is gullible to fault. The two escaped criminals are cowards because they escape from the consequences that they are likely to face, having killed several commonwealth. The two children are adventurous as seen by their push to visit the old house their grandmother having said that it contained a secret panel.symbolisationThe freeway in Love in L.A is symbolic in that it makes Jake feel all the freedom provided by the open ro ad, something that leads him into day dreaming. The car is also symbolic because it represents how well or bad he uses his freedom, basing on the fact that he is involved in an accident due to carelessness.In A Good Man is Hard to Find the grandmothers hat which she puts to show that she is a lady is symbolic in a way that it represents her moral code, which is misguided (Flannery, 1992). This is illustrated when she dresses in that specific manner, so that in case there is an accident, everyone would easily identify her as a lady. The Toomsboro town is mentioned in a manner that it sounds like a Tomb meaning that the family is headed for doom. Through the description of Misfits car, the writer brings out the picture of the ultimatum of the family. He uses a big black battered hearse-like automobile, instead of brand names like Cadillac, Lincoln and many others.THEMESIn A Good Man is Hard to Find the main theme is good versus evil wherethere is a confrontation with a superficial log ic of goodness and a person who is embodies aspects of evil. She treats goodness reasonable to appear decent, with the right manners and to paint of a picture of coming from a family of right people, which is a contrast as is seen when she meets the Misfit who acknowledges and accepts his true nature. In this piece, the writer brings out the nature of people to paint a picture which is in contrast of their true natures just to gain a social status among the people they interact with.In Love in L.A the main theme is know for self. This is seen as Jake is consumed with himself and the obsession he has with his car. He wants more for himself and for the main reason of getting more women. The power illustrates the nature of people in the society to endlessly want more in life (Dagoberto, 2004).TONEIn Love in L.A, The tone of the author brings out the fact that he might see himself in the main character, Jake. The author could be a good person who at one time struggled in the place o f a bad guy. In A good Man is Hard to Find, the overall tone used plays a fundamental role in developing the plot of the story, which is retro respect, based upon the unforgiving terrain especially during the physical composition of the story.IRONYThe title of the story,A Good man is hard to find is ironic because the grandmother refers the Misfit as a good man when she says, I know youre a good man I know you must come from nice people, (Flannery, 1992). which is not the case since the Misfit has escaped from prison and has killed his father. Irony is also evident in Love in L.A because of the continual longing for love which does not occur. Through Jake, love is developed in different fashions which do not suggest anything positive. He is seen as one with a love for image, daydreaming and self conceit, which does not represent the true meaning of the word love.MORAL CODESIn Love in L.A, Jake has no moral codes. Despite the fact that he knocks Mirandas car, he does not make any e fforts to honor the responsibility but instead tries hard to evade the situation by telling Miranda lies and giving him false information. He does not also mind about the conditions of other people but instead thinks about himself and does everything to get what he wants. In A Good Man is Hard to Find I think the grandmother does not have the qualities to be looked at as a good man since the image that she tries to paint is not what she truly is, she lives in deceit and does everything to get recognized (Flannery, 1992). This is the same scenario in the case of Misfit, who despite the fact that he sees himself as perfect, and that there are others so far more dangerous than him, does not mean that he is morally upright. This is because he does not make any efforts in changing what evil he has done in the past.FINAL THOUGHTSI have learnt that there are many ways in which perceive love. Having read the two short stories, I observe that people are of different opinions. This is illu strated by Jake as being in love with his car and self image, the same thing is seen with the grandmother, where he only loves the image that can be represented by her and not about the affairs of the other people. This is a moral lesson that we should learn and try as hard to always consider the affairs and statuses of other people before putting ours ahead.REFERENCESFlannery, O. (1992) A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories Chicago Houghton Mifflin HarcourtDagoberto. G, (2004) Love in L.A. Chicago Cengage Learning

Different Conceptions of Deity and Sacred Power

throughout history and all across the different races of men and their equally alter cultural codes, ethnic and societal precepts, there have also been a varying conceptions of Deity and Sacred or Divine Powers. exclusively kinds of gods and goddesses their origins and attributes their powers and characteristics their stories in myths, legends and fables have all shown a diversity and paradoxically, a unity as well. The diversity stems from the varying beliefs about life and nature, which includes culture, climate, weather, different natural phenomena, and the environment around the people who originated such beliefs.James Livingston, in his keep Anatomy of the Sacred An Introduction to Religion, have enumerated these conceptions of the Divine and the Sacred Power from polytheism, pantheism, dualism, and mo nonheism, among others. Such characters have include gods of thunder and lightning, mother goddesses, entire pantheons of gods and goddesses, and more. And surprisingly, the re is an underlying unity in these conceptions. For they all point to the inseparable goodness of the Divine, as well as Its net omnipotence and immortality. What are these conceptions, and what are their characteristics?Let us semi each and provide examples. Firstly, there is polytheism. This is the belief in the multiplicity of gods and goddesses. It shows that Divine Powers are not limit to one being, but divided in many. The gods and goddesses of polytheistic religions each have specific powers and characteristics, and each hobo be invoked for specific blessings or help. Examples include the deities of Hinduism. There are also the gods and goddesses of Olympus in Greek mythology. The Chinese also have different gods and goddesses which have specific powers.The deities of Ancient Egypt also show the polytheism of its people. Monotheism, in contrast, is the belief in a single god or deity. It supposes that this single being created the whole universe, and controls all and ha s the Ultimate Power. Examples include Islam, most forms of Christianity, and the monotheistic religion of an exceptional Egyptian pharaoh, Amenhotep IV or Akhnaton. Akhnaton is said to be the first monotheist in human history, who worshipped the sun-god Ra and no one else, to the enmity of the polytheistic temple priesthood of his time.Pantheism is the belief that everything in creation is the Deity or part of the Deity. Adherents of this concept usually are amenable to worshipping or treating as sacred all the things of nature, such as the sun, the trees, and animals. The pagans can be considered as such. Mystics are sometimes classified as pantheists, for they adhere to the conception that the Deity is in everything and is everywhere. However, mystics are not exactly pantheists in some classifications.Dualism adheres to the concept of two great Deities in opposite extremes or poles, which forever battle for dominion of creation or the universe. One is traditionally the Creator g od who is all-good, while the other is his adversary, who is totally evil. Such religions include forms of Christianity (where God and Satan eternally battle), and Zoroastrianism where the gods Ahura Mazda and Ahriman are good and evil, respectively. This concept adheres to the cosmic struggle between the forces of Light and Darkness.

Scientific Inventions

ASSEMBLY LINE Primitive assembly line production was first employ in 1901 by Ran some Eli Olds (1864-1950), an early car- delineater (he manufactured the Oldsmobile, the first commercially successful American car). enthalpy Ford (1863-1947) utilise the first conveyor belt-based assembly-line in his car factory in 1913-14 in Fords highland Park, Michigan plant. This type of production greatly reduced the amount of time taken to put from each virtuoso car together (93 minutes for a Model T) from its parts, cut down production costs.Assembly lines are presently used in most manufacturing processes. BAEKELAND, L. H. Leo H devastationrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 February 23, 1944) was a Belgian-born American chemist who invented Velox photographic paper (1893) and Bakelite (1907), an inexpensive, nonflammable, versatile, and very(prenominal) popular malleable. BAKELITE Bakelite ( as well as called catalin) is a plastic, a dense synthetic polymer (a phenolic resin) that was u sed to make jewelry, game pieces, locomotive engine parts, radio boxes, switches, and some(prenominal), many different objects.Bakelite was the first industrial thermoset plastic (a material that does not motley its shape after being mixed and heated). Bakelite plastic is made from carbolic acid (phenol) and formaldehyde, which are mixed, heated, and then either molded or extruded into the desired shape. Bakelite was patented in 1907 by the Belgian-born American chemist Leo Hendrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 February 23, 1944). The Nobel revalue winning German chemist Adolf von Baeyer had experimented with this material in 1872, but did not complete its development or see its potential.Baekeland operated the General Bakelite Company from 1911 to 1939 (in Perth Amboy, N. J. , USA), and produced up to about 200,000 tons of Bakelite annually. Bakelite replaced the very flammable celluloid plastic that had been so popular. The bracelet above is made of butterscotch Bakelite. BA ROMETER A barometer is a device that measures air (barometric) pressure. It measures the weight of the pillar of air that extends from the instrument to the top of the asynchronous transfer mode. There are two types of barometers commonly used today, mercury and aneroid (meaning fluid less).Earlier water barometers (also known as storm glasses) date from the seventeenth century. The mercury barometer was invented by the Italian physicist Evangelista Torricelli (1608 1647), a pupil of Galileo, in 1643. Torricelli inverted a glass resistance filled with mercury into another container of mercury the mercury in the tube weighs the air in the atmosphere above the tube. The aneroid barometer (using a spring balance instead of a liquid) was invented by the French scientist Lucien Vidie in 1843. BATTERY A stamp battery is a device that converts chemical energy into galvanisingal energy.Each battery has two electrodes, an anode (the positive end) and a cathode (the negative end). An electrical circuit runs between these two electrodes, going through and through a chemical called an electrolyte (which can be either liquid or solid). This unit consisting of two electrodes is called a cell (often called a voltaic cell or pile). Batteries are used to power many devices and make the spark that starts a gasoline engine. Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist invented the first chemical battery in 1800. Storage batteries are lead-based batteries that can be recharged.In 1859, the French physicist Gaston Plante (1834-1889) invented a battery made from two lead plates conjugate by a wire and immersed in a sulfuric acid electrolyte this was the first storage battery. bunsen veerer BURNER The laboratory Bunsen burner was invented by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen in 1855. Bunsen (1811-1899) was a German chemist and teacher. He invented the Bunsen burner for his research in isolating chemical substances it has a high-intensity, non-luminous flame that does not interfere with the colourful flame emitted by chemicals being tested.CASSEGRAIN TELESCOPE A Cassegrain telescope is a wide-angle reflecting telescope with a concave mirror that receives light and focuses an image. A second mirror reflects the light through a possibility in the primary mirror, allowing the eyepiece or camera to be mounted at the back end of the tube. The Cassegrain reflecting telescope was developed in 1672 by the French sculptor Sieur Guillaume Cassegrain. A correcting plate (a lens) was added in 1930 by the Estonian astronomer and lens-maker Bernard Schmidt (1879-1935), creating the Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope which minimized the spherical aberration of the Cassegrain telescope.CELLOPHANE Cellophane is a thin, transparent, waterproof, protective film that is used in many types of packaging. It was invented in 1908 by Jacques Edwin Brandenberger, a Swiss chemist. He had originally intended cellophane to be bonded onto fabric to make a waterproof textile, but the new cloth was brittle and not useful. Cellophane prove very useful all alone as a packaging material. Chemists at the Dupont Company (who later on bought the rights to cellophane) made cellophane waterproof in 1927. CELSIUS, ANDERS Anders Celsius (1701-1744) was a Swedish professor of astronomy who devised the Celsius thermometer.He also ventured to the remote north of Sweden with an expedition in order to measure the length of a degree along a meridian, close to the pole, later comparing it with similar measurements made in the Southern Hemisphere. This confirmed that that the shape of the landed estate is an ellipsoid which is flattened at the poles. He also cataloged 300 stars. With his assistant Olof Hiorter, Celsius discovered the magnetic rear for auroras. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE Zacharias Janssen was a Dutch lens-maker who invented the first compound microscope in 1595 (a compound microscope is one which has to a greater extent than one lens).His microscope consisted of two tudes that sli d within one another, and had a lens at each end. The microscope was focused by slue the tubes. The lens in the eyepiece was bi-convex (bulging outwards on both sides), and the lens of the far end (the aim lens) was Plano-convex (flat on one side and bulging outwards on the other side). This advanced microscope had a 3 to 9 times power of magnification. Zacharias Janssens father Hans may arouse helped him build the microscope. DA VINCI, LEONARDO da Vinci da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian inventor, artist, architect, and scientist.Da Vinci had an interest in engineering and made detailed sketches of the airplane, the helicopter (and other flying machines), the parachute, the submarine, the armored car, the orchisista (a giant crossbow), rapid-fire guns, the centrifugal pump (designed to drain wet areas, like marshes), ball bearings, the worm gear (a set of gears in which many teeth make contact at once, reducing the strain on the teeth, allowing more pressure to be put on the m echanism), and many other undreamt of ideas that were centuries ahead of da Vincis time.DAVY, HUMPHRY Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) was an English scientist who invented the first electric light in 1800. He experimented with electricity and invented an electric battery. When he connected wires from his battery to two pieces of carbon, electricity arced between the carbon pieces, producing an intense, hot, and short-lived light. This is called an electric arc. Davy also invented a miners safety helmet and a process to desalinate sea water. Davy discovered the elements boron, sodium, aluminum (whose find out he later changed to aluminum), and potassium.EDISON, THOMAS ALVA Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) was an American inventor (also known as the Wizard of Menlo Park) whose many inventions revolutionized the world. His work includes improving the incandescent electric light bulb and inventing the phonograph, the phonograph record, the carbon telephone transmitter, and the motion-pictu re projector. Edisons first job was as a telegraph operator, and in the course of his duties, he redesigned the stock-ticker machine. The Edison Universal computer storage Printer gave him the capital ($40,000) to set up a laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, to invent full-time (with many employees).Edison experimented with thousands of different light bulb filaments to find just the right materials to glow well, be long-lasting, and be inexpensive. In 1879, Edison discovered that a carbon filament in an oxygen-free bulb glowed but did not burn up for quite a while. This incandescent bulb revolutionized the world. ELION, GERTRUDE Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 February 21, 1999) was a Nobel Prize winning biochemist who invented many life-saving drugs, including 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol) and 6-thioguanine (which campaign leukemia), Imuran, Zovirax, and many others.Elion worked at Burroughs- Glaxo Wellcome for decades (beginning in 1944) with George Hitchings and Sir James Black, with whom she shared the Nobel Prize. She is named on 45 patents for drugs and her work has saved the lives of thousands of people. ENIAC ENIAC stands for electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. It was one of the first all-purpose, all-electronic digital computers. This room-sized computer was built by the physicist John William Mauchly (Aug. 30, 1907 Jan. 8, 1980) and the electrical engineer John Presper Eckert, Jr. (April 9, 1919 June 3, 1995) at the University of Pennsylvania.They completed the machine in November, 1945. FARNSWORTH, PHILO T. Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) was an American inventor. Farnsworth invented many major major components of the television, including power, focusing systems, synchronizing the signal, contrast, controls, and scanning. He also invented the radar systems, cold cathode ray tube, the first fumble incubator and the first electronic microscope. Farnsworth held over 300 patents. FOUCAULT, JEAN Jean Bernard Leon Foucaul t (1819-1868) was a French physicist who invented the gyro (1852) and the Foucault pendulum (1851).A gyroscope is essentially a spinning wheel set in a transferable frame. When the wheel spins, it retains its spatial orientation, and it resists external forces applied to it. Gyroscopes are used in navigation instruments (for ships, planes, and rockets). Foucault was the first somebody to demonstrate how a pendulum could track the rotation of the Earth (the Foucault pendulum) in 1851. He also showed that light travels more slowly in water than in air (1850) and improved the mirrors of reflecting telescopes (1858).FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706-April 17, 1790) was an American statesman, writer, printer, and inventor. Franklin experimented all-embracingly with electricity. In 1752, his experiments with a kite in a thunderstorm (never do this, many people have died trying it ) led to the development of the lightning rod. Franklin started the first circulating library in the colonies in 1731. He also invented bifocal glasses and the Franklin stove. The idea of daylight savings time was first proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1784.GALILEI, GALILEO Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Galileo found that the speed at which bodies fall does not depend on their weight and did extensive experimentation with pendulums. In 1593 Galileo invented the thermometer. In 1609, Galileo was the first person to use a telescope to observe the skies (after sense of hearing about Hans Lippersheys newly-invented telescope). Galileo discovered the rings of Saturn (1610), was the first person to see the four major moons of Jupiter (1610), observed the phases of Venus, canvas sunspots, and discovered many other important phenomena.

Human Sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Human Sexuality - Essay ExampleMen do not seem to have as many body images as wo custody do.Men and women do count on about their bodies differently. Men seem to be more confident that women. I believe this is a social club stereotype. Men ar never faceed as too old. An example would be Hugh Hefner. Despite spirit like an old man, Hefner is always surrounded by boylike women. Not just one young devotee, but Hefner is dating three or four women at a time. I believe in this instance it is Hefners confidence, not his looks that make him appealing to women. His money does not hurt either. On the some other hand, when an older woman dates or marries a younger man, like Demi Moore and Ashton Kutcher, the woman is a cougar. Even Demi has tried and true to keep up a youthful image with cosmetic surgeries. Women are more pressured to look young. other way that men and women differ about their body image is weight. An overweight man can thus far attract women. In restaurants or in pub lic I have observed fat men show up with a date more than fat women. This is reflected in the media as well. For example Kevin pack, James Gandolfini, and other actors are shown with skinny partners on and off the screen. They also get more press than sound female stars.I also feel that race has to do with body image. African American women are more comfortable with their bodies than white women. No matter the size, African American women wear makeup, dress up, and portray a sense of pride. Heavier white women tend to wear baggy clothes, no makeup, and try to hide themselves from society. portentous men seem to accept heavier women and find that more attractive. White men want skinny women with good-looking breasts.Another body image point that Americans perpetrate is the tanned blonde that stands about 510 and weighs about 100 lbs. Ethnic models are sometimes accepted if blue eyed, but dark drear models are discouraged. Ethnic hair is also discouraged. African American women w ear wigs and straighten their hair.I

Religious freedom in prison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religious freedom in prison - Research Paper ExampleHowever, the court rulings represent limitations to the right of venerate when a prisoners demand of worship endangers prison safety and function. just about all correction facilities offer these structures mainly for spectral faiths such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism. Chaplains and volunteers provide pastoral tuition to prisoners and wardens (Livingstone 313). Allowing inmates freedom of worship has both positive and negative implications. However, prisoners right of worship should be granted because it benefits them and it is their constituent(a) right. Inmates should be allowed to worship within established structures provided by prison programs and religious organizations.The disadvantage of freedom of worship according to the authorities is it may endanger prisoners the lives. The law limits freedom of worship if it interferes with safety of the prisoners/wardens and prison operations. When this happens, the governm ent can deny the right of worship for the greater good of all citizens. However, the government uses this clause to poke fun prisoners rights (Livingstone 310). For example, a case where a Muslim prisoner wanted to retain his gigantic beard for religious purposes was upheld by the Supreme Court. Gregory Holt, the prisoner, had requested the prison to allow him grow a half-inch beard as a religious practice. The prison officials denied the request claiming security reasons of inmates smuggling contrabands in beards. Judge Samuel Alito said since prisoners were allowed to grow long hair on their heads, the prison systems should allow religious beards like Gregorys. In this case, the prison authorities denied the prisoner his right without good reasons. Prison authority may restrain the right of worship for security reasons just now should have concrete reasons or concerns for the restriction.Many advantages exist of allowing prisoners to

Strategic Management and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

St aimgic solicitude and Sustainability - Essay Examplespecifically.Political apple operates across multiple geographies, which imply that the organization is subject to policy-making influence of multiple countries. When an organization operates in a particular nation, it is bound by the countrys predefined business policies. It has been found that in case of Apple, a majority of product sales had originated from countries outside the U.S. grocery particularly after the recession of 2008 (Apple, 2013). In order to utilize opportunities outside U.S., Apple has steadily interpenetrate its manufacturing operations in countries like, Korea, Czech Republic, Ireland and Cork. Diplomatic political relations of U.S. government with the governments in other countries benefits Apples operation in dissimilar regions (Hassan, 2014). Tax regulations be also an important determinant of profitability. For instance, initiation of taxes by the Chinese government against foreign companies had significant impact on profitability of the organization. Similarly, the U.K. government had raised VAT by 20%, which is expected to lower consumer spending on luxury items. So, a decrease in purchase of Apple products is likely (BBC News Business, 2011).Economic There are mainly lead important parameters that impact business prospects of Apple, namely inflation, value of currency and recessionary trends. The operations of Apple are subject to currency and exchange rate risks as foreign exchange market remains erratic after recession. One of the major trends since recession of 2008 was contraction in the demand for expensive electronic gadgets in countries of European Union like, Greece, Portugal and Italy (Berglof, E., 2011). However, the impact of recession on emerging countries has been lesser to an extent. It has been observed that rising rate of GDP and per capita income in the emerging countries like, Brazil, India and China, has been